Affordable Shortwave Infrared Spectroscopy for Stroke Risk Screening in Children with Sickle Cell Disease

经济实惠的短波红外光谱仪用于镰状细胞病儿童中风风险筛查

• 批准号: 10730967
• 负责人: Seung Yup Lee
• 金额: $ 42.67万
• 依托单位: KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-21 至 2026-09-20
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10730967
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; Age; Atlases; Benchmarking; Biophotonics; Blood Transfusion; Blood Vessels; Blood flow; Bluetooth; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cerebrum; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Computer Analysis; Country; Coupled; Data; Devices; Early Diagnosis; Early identification; Engineering; Erythrocytes; Evaluation; Exposure to; Fiber Optics; Flowmeters; Foundations; Germanium; Goals; Head; Heart Diseases; Human Resources; In Vitro; Income; Indium; Inhalation; Institutional Review Boards; Investigation; Lasers; Length; Light; Measures; Methods; Microfabrication; Microfluidics; Modality; Modeling; Monitor; Monte Carlo Method; Near-Infrared Spectroscopy; Nurses; Optics; Patients; Pattern; Penetration; Performance; Perfusion; Photons; Pilot Projects; Procedures; Research; Research Activity; Resource-limited setting; Resources; Risk; Scalp structure; Screening procedure; Series; Short Waves; Sickle Cell; Sickle Cell Anemia; Signal Transduction; Skin; Source; Spectrum Analysis; Stroke; Stroke prevention; Students; Surface; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Tissues; Training; Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography; Variant; attenuation; blood flow measurement; cerebrovascular; cohort; community clinic; cost; cost effective; cranium; design; design and construction; diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; experience; fluorescence imaging; gallium arsenide; global health; handheld mobile device; high risk; human subject; improved; in silico; in vivo evaluation; infrared spectroscopy; innovation; instrumentation; medical specialties; neuroimaging; optical fiber; optical imaging; photoacoustic imaging; portability; prototype; recruit; screening; sensor; stroke risk; tool; transmission process; user-friendly; validation studies; wireless communication

PROJECT SUMMARY The risk of stroke in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is enormous, ~300 times higher than healthy children without SCD and heart disease. Without treatment, ~11% of SCD patients have clinically apparent stroke by their age of 20 and the risk is the most significant between ages 2 and 5. For stroke prevention, early identification of abnormal cerebral perfusion is critical to initiating a timely therapeutic intervention. The current standard screening tool is a transcranial ultrasound doppler (TCD). In high-resource settings, the TCD screening followed by blood transfusion therapy has reduced the risk of stroke by 92%. Unfortunately, TCD screening is not widely available due to a high cost and a lack of trained personnel in low resource settings such as sub-Saharan Africa where most sickle cell patients live. Here we propose to engineer an affordable non-invasive optical technique that can quantify microvascular cerebral blood flow (CBF) in pediatric sickle cell disease. Specifically, we will build a speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (SCOS) system working in the shortwave infrared (SWIR or 2nd near-infrared, NIR) region for the enhanced depth sensitivity with ×10 higher SNR at a lower cost (×10 less) compared to the current NIR system. First, we will computationally investigate the high depth-sensitivity of SWIR SCOS using a multi-layer Monte Carlo simulation on a realistic head model. We will also perform experimental verification using a benchtop SWIR SCOS system comprising a SWIR long-coherence laser and an off-the-shelf InGaAs camera. The benchmark tests will be performed against NIR SCOS to characterize SNR, depth sensitivity and accuracy on fabricated microfluidic channels mimicking layered microvascular networks. Next, we will explore the feasibility of a portable SWIR SCOS system using a low-cost Germanium-based SWIR camera and validate the developed protype by measuring CBF of healthy adults undergoing a hypercapnic challenge. The scientific goal of this proposal is to study the SWIR range for SCOS enabling assessment of deeper tissue microvascular blood flow. The SWIR optical transmission window has several advantages over the NIR range (700-900nm) including lower tissue optical attenuation, more photon numbers per unit energy and higher maximum permissible exposure to skin. With these benefits, SWIR has been explored in many optical imaging and spectroscopic techniques including fluorescence or photoacoustic imaging, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies but not yet in SCOS. The higher depth-sensitivity will mitigate signal contamination from the extracerebral layers (i.e. skull/scalp), contributing to more accurate estimation of cerebral blood flow. The proposed research will create a prototype of a portable deep tissue flowmeter ready for a clinical pilot study in children with sickle cell disease. In the long-term, this device may address the paucity of neuroimaging modalities in the low-resource settings.

项目概要 镰状细胞病 (SCD) 儿童中风的风险巨大，比健康儿童高约 300 倍 如果没有 SCD 和心脏病，约 11% 的 SCD 患者会出现临床症状明显的中风。 他们的年龄为 20 岁，2 岁至 5 岁之间的风险最为显着。为了预防中风，早期识别 脑灌注异常对于及时启动治疗干预至关重要。 筛查工具是经颅超声多普勒 (TCD) 在资源丰富的环境中，随后进行 TCD 筛查。 通过输血治疗已将中风风险降低了 92% 不幸的是，TCD 筛查并不广泛。 由于成本高且在撒哈拉以南非洲等资源匮乏地区缺乏训练有素的人员而无法使用 在这里，我们建议设计一种经济实惠的非侵入性光学技术。 可以量化小儿镰状细胞病的微血管脑血流量（CBF）。 构建一个在短波红外（SWIR 或第二 近红外 (NIR) 区域，以更低的成本（减少 10 倍）提高深度灵敏度，信噪比提高 10 倍 首先，我们将通过计算研究 SWIR 的高深度灵敏度。 SCOS 在真实头部模型上使用多层蒙特卡罗模拟我们还将进行实验。 使用台式 SWIR SCOS 系统进行验证，该系统包括 SWIR 长相干激光器和现成的 InGaAs 相机将针对 NIR SCOS 进行基准测试，以表征 SNR、深度。 接下来，我们模拟分层微血管网络的制造微流体通道的灵敏度和准确性。 将探索使用低成本锗基短波红外相机的便携式短波红外 SCOS 系统的可行性 并通过测量接受高碳酸血症挑战的健康成年人的 CBF 来验证开发的原型。 该提案的科学目标是研究 SCOS 的 SWIR 范围，从而能够评估更深入的 组织微血管血流比近红外光传输窗口有几个优点。 范围（700-900nm）包括较低的组织光学衰减、每单位能量更多的光子数以及更高的 凭借这些优点，短波红外已在许多光学成像领域得到探索。 和光谱技术，包括荧光或光声成像以及漫反射 光谱学但尚未在 SCOS 中使用，更高的深度灵敏度将减轻来自 SCOS 的信号污染。 脑外层（即颅骨/头皮），有助于更准确地估计脑血​​流量。 拟议的研究将创建便携式深层组织流量计的原型，为临床试点研究做好准备 从长远来看，该设备可能会解决患有镰状细胞病的儿童缺乏神经影像学方法的问题。 在资源匮乏的环境中。