Yield, quality and shelf-life problems in lettuce due to virus infections in the UK

英国因病毒感染导致生菜产量、质量和保质期问题

• 批准号: 2882067
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2882067
• 关键词: Yield; quality; shelf; life; problems

Intensive farming and sequential plantings of lettuce crops in the UK mean lettuce is grown in the same fields for the whole season (March-October). This makes them vulnerable to plant diseases and results in a build-up of pathogens, particularly viruses. Very little is known about which viruses are infecting lettuce in the UK, the incidence of these viruses and their impact on lettuce quality and yield. In 2015 there was a major virus problem in lettuce in the UK resulting in the loss of 14 million lettuce heads that were ploughed in due to virus infection. Lettuce is predominantly grown outdoors in the UK and plant maturity can take between 6-10 weeks depending on the time of the season. The loss of neonicotinoid insecticides has resulted in the increase of insect virus vectors in crops, particularly aphids. This is exacerbated by some viruses having very wide host ranges resulting in adjacent weed species and beneficial pollinator field margins serving as reservoirs. Our preliminary data from the 2021 season identified two viruses within a crop in Cambridgeshire. Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) was found infecting both lettuce and adjacent weed species. TuYV infection was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by RT-PCR and sequencing. TuYV was by far the most frequent virus detected and is known to have a significant effect on the quality, development, yield (up to 65% reduction) and storability of vegetable brassicas and incidences of up to 100% have been reported for TuYV in oilseed rape (OSR) and vegetable brassica crops, providing a reservoir of the virus. Other than TuYV, the only other viruses that have been reliably and conclusively identified in lettuce crops in the UK in recent years are cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and lettuce mosaic virus (LMV, which is seed-borne) in 2015.

在英国，生菜作物的集约化种植和连续种植意味着整个季节（3 月至 10 月）生菜都在同一块土地上种植。这使得它们容易受到植物病害的影响，并导致病原体，特别是病毒的积累。对于哪些病毒正在感染英国的生菜、这些病毒的发病率及其对生菜质量和产量的影响，人们知之甚少。 2015年，英国的生菜出现了严重的病毒问题，导致1400万颗因病毒感染而被犁入的生菜损失。在英国，生菜主要在户外种植，植物成熟可能需要 6-10 周，具体取决于季节的时间。新烟碱类杀虫剂的消失导致作物中昆虫病毒载体的增加，特别是蚜虫。某些病毒具有非常广泛的宿主范围，导致邻近的杂草物种和有益的传粉媒介田地边缘成为储存库，从而加剧了这种情况。我们 2021 年季节的初步数据在剑桥郡的农作物中发现了两种病毒。萝卜黄化病毒（TuYV）被发现感染生菜和邻近的杂草物种。通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测TuYV感染，并通过RT-PCR和测序确认。 TuYV 是迄今为止最常见的病毒，已知对芸苔属蔬菜的质量、发育、产量（降低高达 65%）和耐贮性有显着影响，据报道 TuYV 在油籽中的发病率高达 100%油菜（OSR）和蔬菜芸苔属作物，提供了病毒的储存库。除 TuYV 外，近年来在英国生菜作物中可靠且最终鉴定出的唯一其他病毒是黄瓜花叶病毒 (CMV) 和 2015 年生菜花叶病毒（LMV，种子传播）。