Neuroimaging of Executive Processing

执行处理的神经影像学

• 批准号: 7000299
• 负责人: SCOTT Allen HUETTEL
• 金额: $ 27.07万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7000299
• 关键词: basal ganglia; behavioral /social science research tag; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; brain mapping; caudate nucleus; clinical research; cues; decision making; executive function; functional magnetic resonance imaging; goal oriented behavior; human subject; neuroimaging; neuropsychology; prefrontal lobe /cortex; psychological tests; reinforcer; stimulus /response; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Executive processes facilitate the flexible, top-down control of human behavior. A network of brain regions including prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex, and parietal cortex is thought to be central for executive processing. Neuroimaging and lesion studies have suggested that these regions play a role in selection or potentiation of behavior based upon context. The experiments detailed in this proposal will use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural mechanisms of response selection, evaluation of feedback and rewards, and the goal-directed control of behavior. This proposal has three specific aims. First, it seeks to elucidate the role of dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) in behavioral control, to test the hypothesis that executive functions potentiate sets of stimulus-response contingencies rather than responses themselves. The proposed experiments manipulate the amount of information each stimulus in a sequence contributes either to learning a decision rule or to preparing a needed response. Second, it investigates the role of ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) in the potentiation of contingencies between responses and rewards. The proposed experiments manipulate the reward expectation associated with different stimuli and with responses at different points in time, to test the hypothesis that vmPFC supports the resolution of uncertainty about reward-response links. Third, it investigates the interaction between prefrontal systems by examining the influence of reward uncertainty upon decision processes. Some stimuli are associated with uncertainty in future rewards, while others are associated with certain outcomes. The experiments test the hypothesis that increasing activity in vmPFC reward systems results in decreased activity in dlPFC control systems. The proposed research program will have a significant impact upon the understanding of human executive processing, including selection, decision, and working memory components. A better understanding of these processes will lead to further improvements in clinical remediation of neurological and psychiatric disorders characterized by impairments in executive function or behavioral selection (e.g., frontal lobe damage, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease).

描述（由申请人提供）：执行过程有助于灵活，自上而下的人类行为控制。包括前额叶皮层（PFC），前扣带回皮层和顶叶皮层在内的大脑区域网络被认为是高管加工的核心。神经影像学和病变研究表明，这些区域在基于上下文的行为选择或增强行为中起作用。本提案中详细介绍的实验将使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）来研究响应选择，反馈和奖励的评估以及行为的目标控制的神经机制。该提案具有三个具体目标。首先，它试图阐明背外侧PFC（DLPFC）在行为控制中的作用，以检验以下假设：执行功能会增强刺激反应意外情况的集合，而不是自身反应。提出的实验操纵了一个序列中的每个刺激的信息量有助于学习决策规则或准备所需的响应。其次，它研究了腹膜PFC（VMPFC）在反应和奖励之间突发事件增强中的作用。提出的实验操纵与不同刺激以及不同时间点的响应相关的奖励期望，以检验VMPFC支持奖励响应链接的不确定性的假设。第三，它通过检查奖励不确定性对决策过程的影响来研究前额叶系统之间的相互作用。一些刺激与将来的奖励的不确定性有关，而另一些刺激与某些结果有关。该实验检验了以下假设：VMPFC奖励系统中活动的增加导致DLPFC控制系统的活性降低。拟议的研究计划将对对人类执行处理的理解，包括选择，决策和工作记忆组件的理解产生重大影响。对这些过程的更好理解将导致进一步改善以执行功能或行为选择障碍为特征的神经和精神疾病的临床补救（例如，额叶损害，精神分裂症，帕金森氏病）。