Motivation and Information: Altering Drinkers' Behavior

动机和信息：改变饮酒者的行为

• 批准号: 6916369
• 负责人: Mark B Johnson
• 金额: $ 20.59万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6916369
• 关键词: age difference; alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse education; behavior modification; behavior test; behavior therapy; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; comprehension; data collection methodology /evaluation; driving while intoxicated; gender difference; human subject; information dissemination; injury prevention; legal /correctional; motivation; population survey; questionnaires; racial /ethnic difference; statistics /biometry; vehicular accident; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) often are used as indicators of impairment and health-related risk and are usually the specified measure in drinking-and-driving laws. Yet, most drivers have limited understanding of the BAC concept and an inability to estimate their BAC levels inaccurately. Further, attempts to inform drinkers about the risks of heavy drinking - either through providing abstract warnings or through providing specific BAC feedback information - generally have not produced significant reductions in alcohol consumption. Information-based approaches to alcohol harm reduction may fall short of their intended goal because the audiences are not motivated to comprehend or to internalize the information presented. A broad empirical literature on persuasion and information processing underscores the importance of motivational variables in understanding the effects of information. However, theoretical models that describe how risk information should lead to behavioral change have not adequately incorporated motivational elements. The proposed research exploits an opportunity to interject informational and motivational interventions to drinkers in a natural drinking environment and to measure objective changes in the resultant drinking behaviors. The aims of this research are to investigate the effect on drinking of providing warning information and specific BAC information to participants under different motivational conditions. The research also will examine individual demographics and motivational variables that might moderate the effects of the interventions. Participants will be sampled before they drink and provided with varying motivational instruction and informational tools. Some will receive an abstract warning about the risks of high-BAC levels; others will receive a tool that allows them to estimate their BAC levels; and others will be given instructions or incentives to use the information and tools provided to regulate their BAC levels. Participants will be re-sampled as they return from Mexican bars, at which time their actual BAC levels will be measured.

描述（由申请人提供）：血液酒精浓度（BAC）通常用作损害和健康相关风险的指标，通常是饮酒法律中指定的措施。然而，大多数驱动因素对BAC概念的理解有限，并且无法估计其BAC水平不准确。此外，试图通过提供抽象警告或提供特定的BAC反馈信息来告知饮酒者的大量饮酒风险 - 通常并未大大减少饮酒量。基于信息的减少酒精危害方法可能没有达到其预期目标，因为观众没有动机理解或内部化所提供的信息。关于说服和信息处理的广泛经验文献强调了动机变量在理解信息效果方面的重要性。但是，描述风险信息应如何导致行为变化的理论模型尚未充分纳入动机元素。 拟议的研究利用了在自然饮酒环境中向饮酒者插入信息和动机干预措施的机会，并衡量最终饮酒行为的客观变化。这项研究的目的是调查在不同动机条件下向参与者提供警告信息和特定BAC信息的饮酒的影响。该研究还将检查可能调节干预措施影响的个人人口统计和动机变量。参与者将在喝酒前进行采样，并提供各种动机指导和信息工具。有些人会收到有关高-BAC水平风险的抽象警告；其他人将收到一种工具，使他们能够估计其BAC水平；其他人将得到指示或激励措施，以使用提供的信息和工具来调节其BAC水平。参与者将从墨西哥酒吧返回时重新采样，这将测量他们的实际BAC水平。