Smoking Bans and Health: Effects of Exposure on the Job

禁烟令与健康：接触吸烟对工作的影响

• 批准号: 6849500
• 负责人: Marianne P Bitler
• 金额: $ 8.94万
• 依托单位: RAND CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-01 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6849500
• 关键词: adult human (21+); behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; data collection methodology /evaluation; embryo /fetus toxicology; health related legal; health surveys; human data; human mortality; infant human (0-1 year); low birth weight infant human; mathematical model; occupational health /safety; passive smoking; smoking; substance abuse epidemiology; tobacco abuse; tobacco abuse prevention

DESCRIPTION: While few would dispute that smoking has a negative impact on health, there is less of a consensus about the health effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), or second-hand smoke. While there are a host of studies of workplace bans on smoking, many suffer from possible selection bias. This research aims to examine whether workplace smoking bans implemented by state or local authorities- instead of by individual firms--are successful in reducing smoking and exposure to ETS. This research also aims to examine whether workplace smoking bans improve infant and adult health outcomes, including mortality, by reducing smoking and exposure to ETS. These goals are to be accomplished by, in part, a comparison of health outcomes for workers in the food services industry and other workers, before and after implementation of smoking bans. This research contrasts food services workers and other workers because workers at bars and restaurants face high rates of ETS from patrons in the absence of smoking bans. While smoking bans may influence own rates of smoking similarly for food services and other workers, workers at bars and restaurants should experience a relatively large, exogenous decrease in ETS compared with other workers following implementation of a smoking ban. Data from the Current Population Survey Tobacco Use Supplements, the California Tobacco Surveys, several sources of birth certificate data, and death certificate data are utilized to examine the effect of various legislation banning smoking in public places, including private workplaces. The study focuses on smoking bans in California and in El Paso, Texas, but also examines the impact of statewide bans using nationally representative data.

描述：虽然很少有人质疑吸烟对健康有负面影响，但对于环境烟草烟雾 (ETS) 或二手烟对健康的影响却缺乏共识。尽管有大量关于工作场所禁烟的研究，但许多研究可能存在选择偏差。本研究旨在检验由州或地方当局（而不是个别公司）实施的工作场所禁烟令是否能成功减少吸烟和接触 ETS。这项研究还旨在探讨工作场所禁烟令是否可以通过减少吸烟和接触 ETS 来改善婴儿和成人的健康状况，包括死亡率。这些目标的实现部分是通过比较实施禁烟令前后食品服务行业工人和其他工人的健康结果。这项研究将食品服务工作人员和其他工作人员进行了对比，因为在没有禁烟令的情况下，酒吧和餐馆的工作人员面临着来自顾客的高额 ETS 率。虽然禁烟令可能会类似地影响食品服务和其他工人的吸烟率，但酒吧和餐馆的工人在实施禁烟令后，与其他工人相比，ETS 应该经历相对较大的外源性下降。来自当前人口调查烟草使用补充、加州烟草调查、出生证明数据和死亡证明数据的多个来源的数据被用来检查各种禁止在公共场所（包括私人工作场所）吸烟的立法的效果。该研究重点关注加利福尼亚州和德克萨斯州埃尔帕索的禁烟令，但也使用全国代表性数据研究了全州禁烟令的影响。