Infants' Neural Basis for Language Using New NIRS

使用新 NIRS 的婴儿语言神经基础

• 批准号: 7090168
• 负责人: LAURA-ANN PETITTO
• 金额: $ 19.91万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-05-01 至 2008-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7090168
• 关键词: adult human (21+); behavioral /social science research tag; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; brain imaging /visualization /scanning; brain mapping; child psychology; clinical research; developmental neurobiology; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); infrared spectrometry; language development; neural information processing; phonology; psychological tests; sound perception; speech; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose an entirely new application of new brain imaging technology (Near Infrared Spectroscopy, NIRS) to a previously unresolved scientific debate that has puzzled scientists for nearly 40 years: How do young infants discover the phonetic building blocks of their language from the constantly varying linguistic and perceptual stream around them? NIRS is non-invasive optical technology that, like fMRI, measures cerebral hemodynamic activity and thus permits 1 to "see" inside the brains of children and adults while processing specific aspects of language and cognitive tasks. Unlike fMRI, NIRS is highly portable, child-friendly (child can be seated on mom's lap in home, lab or school), tolerates movement more than fMRI (participants can vocalize/talk), and can be used with alert babies. Standardized behavioral tasks involving (i) visual perception, (ii) auditory perception, and (iii) native and non-native phonetic perception will be used with "young" (3-4 mo) and "old" (13-14 mo) infants and adults during NIRS recordings to test specific within- hemisphere neuroanatomical hypotheses about specific tissue (and networks of neural tissue) and their linguistic or general auditory perception functions. Our use of this exciting new NIRS technology with infants in this way will provide important resolutions to scientific questions about (a) the multiple factors that underlie early language acquisition and general auditory perception and the specific type of processing tissue that govern them, (b) the developmental trajectories of linguistic and general auditory processing tissue, and (c) the peaked sensitivity that linguistic and auditory processing tissue has to certain kinds of input over others in early development. This work will help resolve classic scientific debate about whether language-specific versus perception-general mechanisms initiate/govern early language learning, and lay bare the multiple factors that become integrated in early life to promote later healthy language growth in children. These findings, with our plan to provide guidelines for the principled use of NIRS with infants, may ultimately be used to identify and predict babies at risk for language/sequencing disorders (e.g., dyslexia) even before they babble or utter their first words. These findings about children's phonological capacity will also provide scientific "evidence-based" information vital to word segmentation in successful language learning and reading and will impact U.S. educational policy regarding early language remediation and teaching.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们提出了将新的大脑成像技术（接近红外光谱，NIR）的全新应用到以前未解决的科学辩论中，该辩论使科学家感到困惑已有近40年：年轻婴儿如何从周围的语言和感知流不断变化的语言中发现语言的语音基础？ NIRS是非侵入性的光学技术，像fMRI一样，它可以测量脑血液动力学活性，因此允许1个儿童和成人内部“见”，同时处理语言和认知任务的特定方面。与功能磁共振成像不同，NIRS非常便携，适合儿童友好（可以坐在妈妈的腿上，实验室或学校的腿上），比fMRI更容忍运动（参与者可以发声/说话），并且可以与警报婴儿一起使用。涉及（i）视觉感知，（ii）听觉感知以及（iii）本地和非本地语音感知的标准化行为任务将与“年轻”（3-4 mo）和“老年”（3-4 mo）和“旧”（13-14个月）一起使用，以测试特定的内部神经植物或网络组织（以及特定的自我调查），并在特定的内部和网络中（以及他们的特定组织）（及其网络组织）（以及他们的网络组织）（及其网络），并在其网络中（以及网络）的组织（以及他们的网络组织）（及其网络），并且是在nirs录制的。感知功能。我们以这种方式使用这种令人兴奋的新NIRS技术将提供有关（a）的科学问题的重要解决方案。 发展。这项工作将有助于解决有关语言特定和感知机制是否启动/控制早期语言学习的经典科学辩论，并揭露在早期生活中融入的多种因素，以促进儿童后来的健康语言增长。这些发现，我们的计划旨在为有原则使用与婴儿使用的NIR使用指南，最终可能被用来识别和预测有语言/测序障碍风险的婴儿（例如，阅读障碍），甚至在他们bab亵或说出第一句话之前。这些关于儿童语音能力的发现还将为成功的语言学习和阅读中的单词分割至关重要的科学“基于证据”的信息，并将影响有关早期语言修复和教学的美国教育政策。