Investments, Life Events, and Health Within and Across Generations

代内和跨代的投资、生活事件和健康

基本信息

批准号：
9789337
负责人：
Marianne P Bitler
金额：
$ 43.94万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-20 至 2023-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9789337
关键词：
Adolescence Adolescent Adopted Adoption Adult Adverse effects Affect Age Buffers Businesses Child Childhood Cognitive Cohort Effect County Data Data Set Development Disadvantaged Disease Early-life trauma Economic Models Economics Education Educational Intervention Elderly Emotional Environment Event Exposure to Family Characteristics Food Future Future Generations Generations Geographic Locations Geography Goals Government Government Programs Head Start Program Health Health Food Healthcare Individual Inequality Intervention Investigation Investments Lead Length Life Life Cycle Stages Life Experience Light Link Literature Location Malnutrition Measures Mediator of activation protein Medicaid Modeling Natural experiment Outcome Personal Satisfaction Play Policies Politics Poverty Psychology Public Health Research Research Personnel Role Running Sampling Shapes Shock Source Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Speed Surveys Technology Testing Time Translating Variant War Work cohort combat early childhood early life exposure economic outcome experience health economics health inequalities human capital improved in utero infancy interest intervention program middle childhood next generation nutrition offspring prenatal exposure programs safety net skills social successful intervention

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY A growing body of research documents that early-life environments play an important role in shaping child and adult well-being. We now know that in-utero and early-life exposure to compromised health environments (e.g., disease exposure, malnutrition) often produces adverse effects that persist well into adulthood. Many government programs aim to counteract these negative effects by providing better access to nutrition, health care, and early education. Recent studies find that childhood access to some of these programs (e.g., Food Stamps, WIC, Head Start, Medicaid) lead to later-life improvements in individuals' health and economic outcomes. Taken together, these two literatures—documenting the impacts of negative health “shocks” and the impacts of positive investments—make clear that early-life influences have long-lasting effects. Yet, we know surprisingly little about why the effects persist, nor do we know the scope for later-life investments to mitigate the long-run effects of early-life trauma. We also do not know the extent to which later positive investments sustain (or even amplify) the beneficial impacts of early social investments. Moreover, existing studies typically focus on examining the impacts of specific health events or investments in isolation and ignore how additional events or later investments might alter the trajectory of early-life experiences. A key aim of this project will be to test how these programs interact with each other across the life course and into the next generation. We will also investigate whether later-life interventions can reduce the persistent effects of early-life health shocks. To achieve these goals, we will leverage policy variation across space and over time, including county-level variation in the initial “rollout” of the Food Stamp and WIC programs, and state level differences in the 1980s Medicaid expansions. We will link these program data to different sources of administrative and survey data, which will provide us with very large samples that maximize statistical power, increase our ability to uncover mediators, and detect the presence of interactive effects. The dataset describing how the policies rolled out and associated caseloads and spending will be made available to all interested researchers. Together, these projects will allow us to examine a wide range of intermediate- and long-term outcomes and will provide new information on the efficacy of government policies intended to mitigate health and economic inequalities. For example, understanding the extent to which public health investments mitigate the effects of health “insults” is an important step towards identifying which government interventions can most effectively reduce long-run health inequalities. Our work will also be critical for understanding the role of the safety net in combating many early life challenges faced by disadvantaged children. Finally, our work will directly inform economic models of human capital and technology of skill-formation. 1

项目概要越来越多的研究表明，早期生活环境在塑造儿童和青少年方面发挥着重要作用。我们现在知道，在子宫内和生命早期暴露于受损的健康环境。（例如，疾病暴露、营养不良）通常会产生持续到成年的不良影响。政府计划旨在通过提供更好的营养、健康机会来抵消这些负面影响最近的研究发现，儿童可以获得其中一些计划（例如食品）。邮票、WIC、Head Start、医疗补助）可改善个人的晚年健康和经济状况总而言之，这两篇文献记录了负面健康“冲击”的影响和积极投资的影响——明确早年的影响具有持久的影响。然而，我们知道。令人惊讶的是，我们对为什么影响持续存在知之甚少，也不知道晚年投资可以减轻的范围我们也不知道早期创伤的长期影响有多大。此外，现有研究通常会维持（甚至放大）早期社会投资的有益影响。专注于单独审查特定健康事件或投资的影响，而忽略额外的影响事件或后来的投资可能会改变早期生活经历的轨迹，该项目的一个主要目标是。我们将测试这些程序如何在整个生命过程中相互影响并进入下一代。还调查晚年干预是否可以减少早年健康冲击的持续影响。为了实现这些目标，我们将利用跨空间和跨时间的政策变化，包括县级政策食品券和 WIC 计划最初“推出”的变化，以及 20 世纪 80 年代各州层面的差异我们将把这些计划数据与不同来源的行政和调查数据联系起来。这将为我们提供非常大的样本，最大限度地提高统计能力，提高我们发现问题的能力中介者，并检测是否存在交互效应，该数据集描述了政策如何推出和实施。相关的案例量和支出将共同提供给所有感兴趣的研究人员。将使我们能够审查广泛的中期和长期成果，并将提供新的有关旨在减轻健康和经济不平等的政府政策效力的信息。例如，了解公共卫生投资减轻健康“侮辱”影响的程度是这是确定哪些政府干预措施可以最有效地减少长期影响的重要一步我们的工作对于了解安全网在应对健康不平等方面的作用也至关重要。最后，我们的工作将直接影响经济。人力资本模型和技能形成技术。 1