Investments, Life Events, and Health Within and Across Generations

代内和跨代的投资、生活事件和健康

• 批准号: 10204068
• 负责人: Marianne P Bitler
• 金额: $ 40.37万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-20 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10204068
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Adopted; Adoption; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Age; Buffers; Businesses; Child; Childhood; Cognitive; Cohort Effect; County; Data; Data Set; Development; Disadvantaged; Disease; Early-life trauma; Economic Models; Economics; Education; Educational Intervention; Elderly; Emotional; Environment; Event; Exposure to; Family Characteristics; Food; Future; Future Generations; Generations; Geographic Locations; Geography; Goals; Government; Government Programs; Head Start Program; Health; Health Food; Healthcare; Individual; Inequality; Intervention; Investigation; Investments; Lead; Length; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Life Experience; Light; Link; Literature; Location; Malnutrition; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Medicaid; Modeling; Natural experiment; Outcome; Personal Satisfaction; Play; Policies; Politics; Poverty; Psychology; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Running; Sampling; Shapes; Shock; Source; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; Speed; Surveys; Technology; Testing; Time; Translating; Variant; War; Work; cohort; early childhood; early life exposure; economic outcome; experience; health economics; health inequalities; human capital; human model; improved; in utero; infancy; interest; intervention program; middle childhood; next generation; nutrition; offspring; prenatal exposure; programs; safety net; skills; social; successful intervention

PROJECT SUMMARY A growing body of research documents that early-life environments play an important role in shaping child and adult well-being. We now know that in-utero and early-life exposure to compromised health environments (e.g., disease exposure, malnutrition) often produces adverse effects that persist well into adulthood. Many government programs aim to counteract these negative effects by providing better access to nutrition, health care, and early education. Recent studies find that childhood access to some of these programs (e.g., Food Stamps, WIC, Head Start, Medicaid) lead to later-life improvements in individuals' health and economic outcomes. Taken together, these two literatures—documenting the impacts of negative health “shocks” and the impacts of positive investments—make clear that early-life influences have long-lasting effects. Yet, we know surprisingly little about why the effects persist, nor do we know the scope for later-life investments to mitigate the long-run effects of early-life trauma. We also do not know the extent to which later positive investments sustain (or even amplify) the beneficial impacts of early social investments. Moreover, existing studies typically focus on examining the impacts of specific health events or investments in isolation and ignore how additional events or later investments might alter the trajectory of early-life experiences. A key aim of this project will be to test how these programs interact with each other across the life course and into the next generation. We will also investigate whether later-life interventions can reduce the persistent effects of early-life health shocks. To achieve these goals, we will leverage policy variation across space and over time, including county-level variation in the initial “rollout” of the Food Stamp and WIC programs, and state level differences in the 1980s Medicaid expansions. We will link these program data to different sources of administrative and survey data, which will provide us with very large samples that maximize statistical power, increase our ability to uncover mediators, and detect the presence of interactive effects. The dataset describing how the policies rolled out and associated caseloads and spending will be made available to all interested researchers. Together, these projects will allow us to examine a wide range of intermediate- and long-term outcomes and will provide new information on the efficacy of government policies intended to mitigate health and economic inequalities. For example, understanding the extent to which public health investments mitigate the effects of health “insults” is an important step towards identifying which government interventions can most effectively reduce long-run health inequalities. Our work will also be critical for understanding the role of the safety net in combating many early life challenges faced by disadvantaged children. Finally, our work will directly inform economic models of human capital and technology of skill-formation. 1

项目摘要 越来越多的研究文件，即早期生活在塑造儿童和 成人福祉。我们现在知道，对健康环境受损的内在和早期生活暴露 （例如，疾病暴露，营养不良）通常会产生持续到成年的不良反应。许多 政府计划旨在通过更好地获得营养，健康来抵消这些负面影响 护理和早期教育。最近的研究发现，童年时代可以访问其中一些计划（例如食物 邮票，WIC，Head Start，Medicaid）导致个人健康和经济的后期改善 结果。综上 积极投资的影响 - 清楚地表明，早期的影响会产生长期影响。但是，我们知道 令人惊讶的是，效果为什么持续存在，我们也不知道以后的投资范围 早期创伤的长期影响。我们也不知道后来积极投资的程度 维持（甚至放大）早期社会投资的有益影响。而且，现有研究通常 专注于检查特定健康事件或投资在孤立中的影响，并忽略如何额外 事件或以后的投资可能会改变早期生活经历的轨迹。该项目的关键目的将是 测试这些程序如何在整个生活课程中相互互动并进入下一代。我们将 还要研究后期的干预措施是否可以减少早期健康冲击的持续影响。到 实现这些目标，我们将利用整个空间和随着时间的时间的政策变化，包括县级 食品券和WIC计划的最初“推出”以及1980年代的州一级差异的变化 医疗补助扩展。我们将将这些程序数据链接到不同的管理和调查数据来源， 这将为我们提供极大的样本，以最大化统计能力，增加我们发现的能力 介体，并检测交互作用的存在。数据集描述了政策如何推出和 相关的案件和支出将向所有有趣的研究人员提供。在一起，这些项目 将使我们能够检查广泛的中间和长期结果，并将提供新的 有关旨在减轻健康和经济不平等的政府政策效率的信息。为了 例如，了解公共卫生投资减轻健康“侮辱”影响的程度是 迈向确定哪些政府干预措施可以最有效地减少长期的重要一步 健康不平等。我们的工作对于理解安全网中的作用至关重要 灾难儿童面临的许多早期生活挑战。最后，我们的工作将直接告知经济 人力资本和技能形成技术的模型。 1