Infancy to Adolescence: fMRI & Risk for Anxiety Disorder

婴儿期到青春期：功能磁共振成像

• 批准号: 6920516
• 负责人: CARL E SCHWARTZ
• 金额: $ 34.46万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-01 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6920516
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); amygdala; anxiety disorders; behavioral /social science research tag; child behavior; clinical research; disease /disorder proneness /risk; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; longitudinal human study; neuroimaging; personality

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Temperament refers to the stable moods and behavior profiles observed in infancy and early childhood that are influenced by biology rather than experience alone. Two temperamental categories of children called behaviorally inhibited and uninhibited are characterized by distinctive responses to unfamiliar people, objects, and situations in the second year of life. Children with an inhibited temperament are timid with people, objects and situations that are novel or unfamiliar, whereas uninhibited children spontaneously approach novel persons, objects and situations. We recently demonstrated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that adults who had been categorized in the second year of life as inhibited, compared with those who had been categorized as uninhibited, showed greater amygdalar activation to unfamiliar vs. familiar neutral faces. These fMRI results suggest that some brain differences due to temperament are preserved from infancy into adulthood. Moreover, an inhibited temperament is a risk factor for the later development of social anxiety disorder (SAD) or social phobia. Thus neuroimaging studies of SAD that do not control for temperamental biases persisting from infancy may confound brain activations related to an inhibited temperament with those associated with SAD. Furthermore, independent longitudinal studies in two different laboratories have revealed infant profiles at four months of age called high reactive and low reactive that biased to become, respectively, inhibited and uninhibited. We now propose to replicate and extend our previous psychopathological and fMRI findings, in an independent and larger cohort of 16-17 year olds who have been followed longitudinally, were carefully characterized with respect to temperament by direct laboratory based assessment as 4 month-old infants (high reactive/low reactive), and categorized again as toddlers (inhibited/uninhibited). This research has the overarching aim of evaluating the predictive relation between early temperamental biases, on the one hand, and on the other the development of social anxiety disorder and profiles of brain activation to theoretically relevant stimuli. The significance of these efforts for the mental health of adolescents is discussed.

描述（由申请人提供）：气质是指在婴儿期和幼儿期观察到的稳定的情绪和行为特征，这些特征受到生物学的影响，而不仅仅是经验的影响。两种气质类型的儿童被称为行为抑制型和不抑制型，其特征是在生命的第二年对不熟悉的人、物体和情况做出独特的反应。性格内向的孩子对新奇或不熟悉的人、物、情况感到胆怯，而性格不拘束的孩子会自发地接近新的人、物、情况。我们最近通过功能磁共振成像（fMRI）证明，与那些被归类为非抑制的成年人相比，在生命的第二年被归类为抑制的成年人，与熟悉的中性面孔相比，杏仁核的激活程度更高。这些功能磁共振成像结果表明，一些由气质引起的大脑差异从婴儿期一直保留到成年期。此外，压抑的气质是日后患上社交焦虑症（SAD）或社交恐惧症的危险因素。因此，SAD 的神经影像学研究不控制从婴儿期开始持续存在的气质偏差，可能会混淆与抑制气质相关的大脑激活和与 SAD 相关的大脑激活。此外，两个不同实验室的独立纵向研究揭示了四个月大的婴儿特征，即高反应性和低反应性，分别倾向于变得抑制和非抑制。我们现在建议复制和扩展我们之前的精神病理学和功能磁共振成像研究结果，在一个独立的、更大的 16-17 岁儿童队列中进行纵向跟踪，通过直接实验室评估对 4 个月大的婴儿的气质进行仔细表征。 （高反应性/低反应性），并再次分类为幼儿（抑制/非抑制）。这项研究的总体目标是一方面评估早期气质偏差之间的预测关系，另一方面评估社交焦虑症的发展和大脑激活对理论上相关刺激的影响。讨论了这些努力对青少年心理健康的重要性。