Infancy to Adolescence: fMRI & Risk for Anxiety Disorder

婴儿期到青春期：功能磁共振成像

• 批准号: 6920516
• 负责人: CARL E SCHWARTZ
• 金额: $ 34.46万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-01 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6920516
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); amygdala; anxiety disorders; behavioral /social science research tag; child behavior; clinical research; disease /disorder proneness /risk; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; longitudinal human study; neuroimaging; personality

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Temperament refers to the stable moods and behavior profiles observed in infancy and early childhood that are influenced by biology rather than experience alone. Two temperamental categories of children called behaviorally inhibited and uninhibited are characterized by distinctive responses to unfamiliar people, objects, and situations in the second year of life. Children with an inhibited temperament are timid with people, objects and situations that are novel or unfamiliar, whereas uninhibited children spontaneously approach novel persons, objects and situations. We recently demonstrated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that adults who had been categorized in the second year of life as inhibited, compared with those who had been categorized as uninhibited, showed greater amygdalar activation to unfamiliar vs. familiar neutral faces. These fMRI results suggest that some brain differences due to temperament are preserved from infancy into adulthood. Moreover, an inhibited temperament is a risk factor for the later development of social anxiety disorder (SAD) or social phobia. Thus neuroimaging studies of SAD that do not control for temperamental biases persisting from infancy may confound brain activations related to an inhibited temperament with those associated with SAD. Furthermore, independent longitudinal studies in two different laboratories have revealed infant profiles at four months of age called high reactive and low reactive that biased to become, respectively, inhibited and uninhibited. We now propose to replicate and extend our previous psychopathological and fMRI findings, in an independent and larger cohort of 16-17 year olds who have been followed longitudinally, were carefully characterized with respect to temperament by direct laboratory based assessment as 4 month-old infants (high reactive/low reactive), and categorized again as toddlers (inhibited/uninhibited). This research has the overarching aim of evaluating the predictive relation between early temperamental biases, on the one hand, and on the other the development of social anxiety disorder and profiles of brain activation to theoretically relevant stimuli. The significance of these efforts for the mental health of adolescents is discussed.

描述（由申请人提供）：气质是指在婴儿期和幼儿期间观察到的稳定的情绪和行为概况，这些情绪和幼儿期受到生物学的影响，而不是仅凭经验。在生命的第二年，两种称为行为抑制和不受抑制的儿童的气质类别的特征是对陌生人，物体和情况的独特反应。具有抑制气质的儿童对新颖或不熟悉的人，物体和情况胆小，而不受抑制的儿童自发接近新颖的人，物体和情况。我们最近用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）证明，与那些被归类为不受抑制的人相比，在生命的第二年被抑制的成年人表现出更大的杏仁核激活，以抗熟悉的和熟悉的中性面孔。这些功能磁共振成像的结果表明，由于气质从婴儿期到成年后，由于气质引起的一些大脑差异。此外，抑制的气质是后来发展社交焦虑症（SAD）或社交恐惧症的危险因素。因此，无法控制婴儿持续存在的气质偏见的SAD神经影像学研究可能会使与抑制气质有关的脑激活与与SAD相关的气质有关。此外，在两个不同的实验室中的独立纵向研究表明，在四个月大时，婴儿的特征称为高反应性和低反应性，分别偏向于被抑制和抑制。 We now propose to replicate and extend our previous psychopathological and fMRI findings, in an independent and larger cohort of 16-17 year olds who have been followed longitudinally, were carefully characterized with respect to temperament by direct laboratory based assessment as 4 month-old infants (high reactive/low reactive), and categorized again as toddlers (inhibited/uninhibited).这项研究的总体目的是评估一方面的早期气质偏见之间的预测关系，另一方面是社交焦虑症的发展以及大脑激活对理论上相关的刺激的发展。讨论了这些努力对青少年心理健康的重要性。