Word retrieval in aphasia

失语症的单词检索

• 批准号: 6622906
• 负责人: Arthur Wingfield
• 金额: $ 12.6万
• 依托单位: BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-03-01 至 2007-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6622906
• 关键词: aphasia; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; human subject; information retrieval; language; memory; neural information processing; pathologic process; perception; phonology; psychological tests; psychometrics; semantics; syntax; verbal behavior; vision tests; visual perception; vocabulary

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The focus of this research is the study of the brain mechanisms in word retrieval in normal speakers as revealed by their disruption in aphasia, where these mechanisms have become damaged or dissociated. Following an examination of perceptual competition on naming objects in fluent and nonfluent aphasia, the first of a series of experiments addresses the problem of dissociation of noun and verb impairments in Broca's aphasia by adopting Luria's distinction between predicative and nominal modes of speech. The possibility is investigated that this distinction may underlie this commonly observed dissociation. The next stage of this investigation examines the role of semantic memory in word retrieval by examining patients' competence in identifying the properties of objects to be named and comparing this ability with their success in retrieving the names of these objects. The third question in the research focuses on the stages of phonological activation and implementation in word production. A model is proposed to identify the multi-staged nature of phonological activation. Predicted differences in speed of naming following from immediate versus delayed priming of picture names will be tested with the goal of distinguishing between the effects of early and late stages of phonological activation. Finally, a series of three studies using the "gating" technique examines the differences between Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics by comparing their response to priming with word onsets and with the prosody (stress pattern and duration) of target words. This research program promises clinical insights that will be useful in the differential diagnosis of aphasia as well as making theoretical contributions to understanding the mechanisms of word production and phonological realization.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究的重点是研究 正常扬声器中单词检索中的大脑机制，如其 失语症的破坏，这些机制已受到损害或 解离。在检查有关命名的感知竞争之后 流利和非流动性失语的对象，这是一系列实验中的第一个 解决了Broca的名词和动词障碍分离的问题 通过采用luria在谓词和名义模式之间的区别来失语 言语。调查了这种区别可能是基础的可能性 这通常观察到解离。调查的下一个阶段 通过检查患者的语义记忆在单词检索中的作用 识别要命名对象的属性和比较的能力 这种能力具有成功检索这些对象名称的成功。这 研究中的第三个问题重点是语音激活阶段 和单词生产中的实施。提出了一个模型来确定 语音激活的多阶段性质。预测速度差异 立即命名跟随图片名称的启动与延迟启动 进行测试的目的是区分早期和晚期的影响 语音激活的阶段。最后，使用 “门控”技术检查了Broca和Wernicke的差异 失语症通过将其对启动的反应与单词打击以及 目标单词的韵律（压力模式和持续时间）。该研究计划 承诺临床见解将在鉴别诊断中有用 失语症以及为理解理论做出理论贡献 单词生产和语音实现的机制。