Hearing Acuity, Cognitive Aging, and Memory for Speech

听力敏锐度、认知老化和言语记忆

• 批准号: 7668352
• 负责人: Arthur Wingfield
• 金额: $ 27.37万
• 依托单位: BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-15 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7668352
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Aging; American; Attention; Audiology; Auditory; Characteristics; Chronic; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Cognitive aging; Communication; Comprehension; Data; Effectiveness; Elderly; Equilibrium; Goals; Guidelines; Healthcare; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Hearing Tests; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Linguistics; Literature; Loneliness; Maintenance; Medical; Memory; Memory impairment; Operative Surgical Procedures; Outcome; Outcomes Research; Performance; Population; Presbycusis; Prevalence; Process; Provider; Psyche structure; Public Health; Research; Resources; Self Efficacy; Sensorineural Hearing Loss; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Social Interaction; Social Network; Social Work; Societies; Source; Speech; Stimulus; Testing; Withdrawal; Work; age group; age related; cognitive change; cost; experience; hearing impairment; interdisciplinary approach; memory recognition; processing speed; skills; speech processing; theories; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Approximately 10 million Americans over the age of 65 suffer from hearing impairment, making it the third most prevalent chronic medical condition among older adults. Hearing impairment not only impacts communicative effectiveness between older adults and health care and social service providers, but it can lead to withdrawal from social networks, loneliness and a declining sense of self-efficacy. This renewal application follows an interdisciplinary approach combining the perspectives of cognitive psychology and audiology to study the special challenge of comprehension and memory for meaningful speech by older adults with age-related hearing loss. A primary concern is that hearing loss may not only result in the inability to correctly identify words in a speech message. Our concern is also that when word recognition is successful, it may come at the cost of perceptual effort that consumes attentional resources that might otherwise be available for higher-level comprehension and memory operations. That is, even a mild hearing decline may be the source of subtle but significant contributions to declines in older adults' cognitive performance. Among our goals is to test the hypothesis that perceptual effort in the context of mild-to- moderate age-related hearing loss draws already limited attentional resources that older adults might ordinarily use for higher-level comprehension operations and encoding what has been heard in memory. The mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of linguistic context, to include the contribution of speech prosody, may be to reduce processing demands as the speech is being heard, with consequent mitigation of the effects of auditory declines and declines in working memory. It is our goal to use cognitive aging theory to inform our understanding of older adults' ability to comprehend and recall spoken information as well as using these findings to inform our understanding of cognitive aging. Successful outcome of this research will advance public health by providing guidelines for maximizing spoken communication with older adults who have reduced hearing acuity, as well as supplying data for those wishing to develop guidelines for testing older adults' hearing and testing hearing aid efficacy for a wider range of speech stimuli than is currently employed.

描述（由申请人提供）：大约65岁以上的美国人患有听力障碍，使其成为老年人中第三大慢性病。听力障碍不仅会影响老年人与医疗保健和社会服务提供者之间的沟通效率，而且还会导致从社交网络，孤独感和自我效能感降低的情况下退出。该更新应用遵循一种跨学科方法，结合了认知心理学和听力学的观点，以研究与年龄相关的听力损失的老年人的理解和记忆的特殊挑战和记忆的特殊挑战。主要问题是，听力损失可能不仅可能导致无法正确识别语音消息中的单词。我们的关心也是，当单词识别成功时，它可能以感知努力为代价而产生的注意力资源，否则这些资源可能可用于高层理解和记忆操作。也就是说，即使是轻度的听力下降也可能是老年人认知表现下降的微妙但有重大贡献的根源。我们的目标之一是检验以下假设：在与中等年龄相关的听力损失的背景下，感知努力吸引了已经有限的注意力资源，而这些注意力的注意力资源通常通常用于高级理解操作并编码记忆中听到的内容。语言环境的有益影响的基础机制，包括言语韵律的贡献，可能是在听到语音时减少处理需求，从而减轻听觉的影响下降并在工作记忆中下降。我们的目标是使用认知衰老理论来了解我们对老年人理解和回忆口语信息以及使用这些发现的能力的理解，以告知我们对认知衰老的理解。这项研究的成功结果将通过提供与降低听力敏锐度的老年人的交流指南，并为希望制定指南测试老年人的听力和测试助听器效力的人提供数据的指南，并为人们提供数据，以确保更多的言语刺激。