Hearing Acuity, Cognitive Aging, and Memory for Speech

听力敏锐度、认知老化和言语记忆

• 批准号: 9115812
• 负责人: Arthur Wingfield
• 金额: $ 3.01万
• 依托单位: BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9115812
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Chronic; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Communication; Comprehension; Early Diagnosis; Effectiveness; Elderly; Equilibrium; Expectancy; Face; Failure; Family; Financial compensation; Friends; Goals; Healthcare; Hearing; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Medical; Memory; Memory impairment; Outcomes Research; Pattern; Performance; Population; Presbycusis; Process; Provider; Research; Resources; Semantics; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Social Work; Social isolation; Speech; Testing; Work; age related; aging brain; comprehension deficit; design; executive function; hearing impairment; heuristics; improved; knowledge base; language comprehension; programs; research study; social; success; theories; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Older adults are the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population, with the number of adults age 65 or older expected to grow to 70.3 million in 2030. Among this group, hearing loss is the third most prevalent chronic medical condition, with some 40-45% of adults over the age of 65 showing some degree of hearing impairment, rising to 83% in the population over the age of 70. Although considerable progress has been made in both audition and cognitive aging research, hearing loss has primarily been considered as an independent issue. This competing renewal builds on ten years of research investigating sensory-cognitive interactions as they affect spoken language comprehension and memory in adult aging. A major concern of both theoretical and practical importance is that even with a mild hearing loss, the perceptual effort older adults must expend on decoding a degraded speech signal will draw attentional resources that would otherwise be available for higher-level sentence comprehension and encoding what has been heard in memory. As such, a memory or comprehension deficit in many older adults may have an unrealized sensory origin. We propose a program of research to elucidate the mechanisms that may underlie the effect of perceptual effort on comprehension and memory for spoken information. We test a hypothesis that acuity-related listening effort, along with age-related changes in working memory and executive function, lead to a qualitative change in how sentences and discourse are processed, with results that can lead to both comprehension successes and failures. Successful outcome of this research will advance our understanding of cognitive aging at the level of theory, but also with implications for improving communicative effectiveness in older adulthood.

描述（由申请人提供）：老年人是美国人口中增长最快的部分，年龄在65岁或以上的成年人人数预计将在2030年增长到7030万。在这一组中，听力损失是第三个普遍存在的慢性病状况，大约40-45％的成年人在65岁以上的成年人中大约有40％的成年人，尽管有一定程度的概念，但在83％的人群中均已增加了73％的人口，这是73％的成年人的成年人。认知衰老研究，听力损失主要被视为一个独立的问题。这种竞争性更新建立在十年的研究基础上，研究了感官认知互动，因为它们会影响成人衰老的口语理解和记忆。理论和实践重要性的一个主要问题是，即使有轻度的听力损失，老年人必须花费在解码退化的语音信号上的感知努力将吸引注意力资源，否则这些资源将用于高级句子理解并编码记忆中听到的内容。因此，许多老年人的记忆或理解不足可能具有未实现的感觉。我们提出了一项研究计划，以阐明可能是感知努力对口语信息理解和记忆的影响的机制。我们检验了一个假设，即与敏锐相关的听力工作以及与年龄相关的工作记忆和执行功能的变化，导致句子和话语如何处理的定性变化，从而可以带来理解成功和失败的结果。这项研究的成功结果将提高我们对理论水平上认知衰老的理解，同时也对提高成年后的沟通效率有影响。