Hearing Acuity, Cognitive Aging, and Memory for Speech

听力敏锐度、认知老化和言语记忆

• 批准号: 7594920
• 负责人: Arthur Wingfield
• 金额: $ 2.27万
• 依托单位: BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-15 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7594920
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Aging; American; Attention; Audiology; Auditory; Characteristics; Chronic; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Cognitive aging; Communication; Comprehension; Condition; Data; Effectiveness; Elderly; Equilibrium; Goals; Guidelines; Healthcare; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Hearing Tests; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Linguistics; Literature; Loneliness; Maintenance; Medical; Memory; Memory impairment; Operative Surgical Procedures; Outcome; Outcomes Research; Performance; Population; Presbycusis; Prevalence; Process; Provider; Psyche structure; Public Health; Range; Research; Resources; Self Efficacy; Sensorineural Hearing Loss; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Social Interaction; Social Network; Social Work; Societies; Source; Speech; Stimulus; Testing; Withdrawal; Work; age group; age related; cognitive change; cost; experience; hearing impairment; interdisciplinary approach; memory recognition; processing speed; skills; speech processing; theories; young adult

Approximately 10 million Americans over the age of 65 suffer from hearing impairment, making it the third most prevalent chronic medical condition among older adults. Hearing impairment not only impacts communicative effectiveness between older adults and health care and social service providers, but it can lead to withdrawal from social networks, loneliness and a declining sense of self-efficacy. This renewal application follows an interdisciplinary approach combining the perspectives of cognitive psychology and audiology to study the special challenge of comprehension and memory for meaningful speech by older adults with age-related hearing loss. A primary concern is that hearing loss may not only result in the inability to correctly identify words in a speech message. Our concern is also that when word recognition is successful, it may come at the cost of perceptual effort that consumes attentional resources that might otherwise be available for higher-level comprehension and.memory operations. That is, even a mild hearing decline may be the source of subtle but significant contributions to declines in older adults' cognitive performance. Among our goals is to test the hypothesis that perceptual effort in the context of mild-to- moderate age-related hearing loss draws already limited attentional resources that older adults might ordinarily use for higher-level comprehension operations and encoding what has been heard in memory. The mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of linguistic context, to include the contribution of speech prosody, may be to reduce processing demands as the speech is being heard, with consequent mitigation of the effects of auditory declines and declines in working memory. It is our goal to use cognitive aging theory to inform our understanding of older adults' ability to comprehend and recall spoken information as well as using these findings to inform our understanding of cognitive aging. Successful outcome of this research will advance public health by providing guidelines for maximizing spoken communication with older adults who have reduced hearing acuity, as well as supplying data for those wishing to develop guidelines for testing older adults' hearing and testing hearing aid efficacy for a wider range of speech stimuli than is currently employed.

大约有65岁以上的大约1000万美国人因听力障碍而遭受损害，使其成为第三次 老年人中最普遍的慢性病。听力障碍不仅会影响 老年人与医疗保健和社会服务提供商之间的沟通有效性，但可以 导致退出社交网络，孤独感和自我效能感的下降。这个更新 应用遵循一种跨学科方法，结合了认知心理学的观点和 听力学研究了年龄较大的理解和记忆的特殊挑战和记忆的特殊挑战 与年龄相关的听力损失的成年人。主要问题是听力损失不仅可能导致 无法在语音消息中正确识别单词。我们关心的是，当单词识别是 成功的是，它可能以感知努力为代价，消耗了可能的注意力资源 否则可用于高级理解和内存操作。也就是说，即使是温和的听力 下降可能是对老年人认知下降的微妙但重大贡献的来源 表现。我们的目标之一是检验以下假设，即在轻度到轻到的背景下，感知努力 与年龄相关的中等听力损失吸引了老年人可能有限的注意力资源 通常用于高级理解操作并编码内存中听到的内容。 语言背景的有益作用的基础机制，包括语音的贡献 韵律，可能是在听到演讲时减少处理需求，因此减轻 听觉的影响在工作记忆中下降和下降。我们的目标是使用认知衰老理论 告知我们对老年人理解和回忆口语信息的能力的理解以及 使用这些发现来告知我们对认知衰老的理解。这项研究的成功结果将 通过提供最大化与老年人的口头交流指南来提高公共卫生 听力敏锐度降低，并为希望制定测试准则的人提供数据 老年人的听力和测试对语音刺激的助听器功效比目前 雇用。