New methodologies for removal of methane from the atmosphere

从大气中去除甲烷的新方法

基本信息

批准号：
NE/P019641/1
负责人：
Euan Nisbet
金额：
$ 28.51万
依托单位：
Royal Holloway University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP019641%2F1
关键词：
New methodologies removal methane atmosphere

项目摘要

The goal of this project is to develop low cost ways to remove methane from the ambient air. Many methane sources, such as emissions from cattle and other farming activities, and low-grade emissions from the gas industry, cannot easily be reduced. As a result, volumes of high-methane air persist around the sources. This proof-of-concept study will improve methods of locating such volumes of high-methane air, and also design and test simple inexpensive methane removal methods, such as soil methanotrophy in greenhouses, and catalytic removal of methane around gas installations, in order to develop new ways of reducing methane emissions from otherwise intractable sources. Methane is a potent global warmer, and is the second-most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas. Methane, which is rising rapidly at present, is emitted both by natural and anthropogenic sources, with about three-fifths of the emissions caused by human actions. These human-caused emissions include agriculture and waste (about a third of global total emissions), such as cattle breath and rice fields, landfills, and sewage systems, as well as fossil fuel sources such as gas leaks and coal mine venting. Many such sources are widely disseminated (e.g. cow breath) and thus regarded as intractable to reduction. Similarly, while larger gas and coal mine leaks can be identified and stopped, smaller disseminated leaks are harder to eliminate. Thus developing low-cost methods for removing methane from ambient air is a very important pre-requisite for reducing the global methane burden. But such disseminated emissions of high-methane air are not easily amenable to leak reduction efforts. The purpose of this proposal is to design and prove low cost ways of taking methane out of air, in ways that can easily be applied in settings where large amounts of methane are emitted. The aim is not to remove all methane, but to reduce mixing ratios of high-methane air where it is 'habitually' present.The first part of the work focuses on improving methods of detecting high-methane air in the ambient environment. This work will use mobile vehicle-mounted high-precision cavity-based analysers, coupled with grab sampling for high-precision isotopic analysis to identify the sources (e.g. using C-isotopes to distinguish gas leaks from nearby landfill gas emissions). The study will develop ways of quantifying volumes of high methane air in typical locations, and thus of assessing flow rates targetted for removal in ambient settings.In cow barns, feed lots and open milk sheds, the project will design and test methane reduction by using soil methanotrophy in active greenhouses next to the source. Methane-rich air will be extracted close to the source (for example from the mouths and noses of cattle in an open milking shed), and pumped under the substrate soil/growing medium of a greenhouse nearby. Here, methanotrophic bacteria will oxidise the methane to CO2, which will then be taken up by the plants in the greenhouse. The experimental work will test the feasibility of the method (e.g. energy costs) and optimise the conditions (temperature, humidity, air flow, etc).In industrial settings such as gas compressor sheds, or near large waste systems in enclosed spaces, removal by inexpensive chemical catalysis using MnO and CuO will be tested. These systems will be based on the reliable, low cost zero-air generators used in methane labs. The intention is not to remove all methane, but optimise economic partial-removal flow rates, optimal temperature and moisture conditions, frequency of regenerating the catalyst etc. The final part of the work will be in synthesis studies to assess the feasibility of methane reduction. An effective reduction policy, whether supported by subsidy or imposed by a regulatory framework, must be inexpensive to be acceptable. The design challenge is to find methodologies that are simple, robust in typical applications, and low cost.

该项目的目标是开发低成本方法从环境空气中去除甲烷。许多甲烷来源，例如牛和其他农业活动的排放，以及天然气工业的低品位排放，都无法轻易减少。结果，源头周围持续存在大量高甲烷空气。这项概念验证研究将改进定位如此大量甲烷空气的方法，并设计和测试简单廉价的甲烷去除方法，例如温室中的土壤甲烷氧化，以及燃气装置周围甲烷的催化去除，以便开发减少其他棘手来源的甲烷排放的新方法。甲烷会导致全球变暖，并且是第二重要的人为温室气体。目前，甲烷排放量正在迅速上升，其排放量既有自然来源，也有人为来源，其中约五分之三是由人类活动造成的。这些人为排放包括农业和废物（约占全球总排放量的三分之一），例如牛呼吸和稻田、垃圾填埋场和污水系统，以及化石燃料源，例如瓦斯泄漏和煤矿通风。许多此类来源被广泛传播（例如牛呼吸），因此被认为难以减少。同样，虽然可以识别并阻止较大的天然气和煤矿泄漏，但较小的扩散性泄漏更难以消除。因此，开发从环境空气中去除甲烷的低成本方法是减少全球甲烷负担的一个非常重要的先决条件。但这种高甲烷空气的弥散排放并不容易适应减少泄漏的努力。该提案的目的是设计并证明从空气中提取甲烷的低成本方法，这些方法可以轻松应用于大量甲烷排放的环境。目的不是去除所有甲烷，而是减少“习惯性”存在的高甲烷空气的混合比例。工作的第一部分重点是改进检测周围环境中高甲烷空气的方法。这项工作将使用移动车载高精度空腔分析仪，并结合抓样进行高精度同位素分析来识别来源（例如，使用 C 同位素来区分气体泄漏和附近垃圾填埋场气体排放）。该研究将开发量化典型地点高甲烷空气量的方法，从而评估周围环境中去除目标的流量。在奶牛棚、饲料场和开放式奶棚中，该项目将通过使用源头旁边的活动温室中的土壤甲烷氧化。富含甲烷的空气将在靠近源头的地方（例如从开放式挤奶棚中牛的嘴和鼻子）提取，并泵入附近温室的基质土壤/生长介质下。在这里，甲烷氧化细菌会将甲烷氧化成二氧化碳，然后被温室中的植物吸收。实验工作将测试该方法的可行性（例如能源成本）并优化条件（温度、湿度、气流等）。在工业环境中，例如气体压缩机棚或封闭空间内的大型废物系统附近，通过将测试使用 MnO 和 CuO 的廉价化学催化。这些系统将基于甲烷实验室中使用的可靠、低成本的零空气发生器。目的不是去除所有甲烷，而是优化经济的部分去除流量、最佳温度和湿度条件、催化剂再生频率等。工作的最后部分将进行合成研究，以评估甲烷减少的可行性。有效的减排政策，无论是由补贴支持还是由监管框架强制实施，都必须成本低廉才能让人接受。设计面临的挑战是找到简单、在典型应用中稳健且成本低廉的方法。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Airborne measurements of fire Emission Factors for African biomass burning sampled during the MOYA Campaign

MOYA 运动期间采样的非洲生物质燃烧火灾排放因子的机载测量

DOI：
http://dx.10.5194/acp-2020-558
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Barker P
通讯作者：
Barker P

Airborne measurements of fire emission factors for African biomass burning sampled during the MOYA campaign

MOYA 活动期间采样的非洲生物质燃烧火灾排放因子的机载测量

DOI：
http://dx.10.5194/acp-20-15443-2020
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Barker P
通讯作者：
Barker P

Quantification of methane emissions from UK biogas plants.

英国沼气厂甲烷排放量的量化。

DOI：
http://dx.10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.011
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Waste management (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
0
作者：
Bakkaloglu S
通讯作者：
Bakkaloglu S

Stable isotopic signatures of methane from waste sources through atmospheric measurements

通过大气测量获得废物源甲烷的稳定同位素特征

DOI：
http://dx.10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119021
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Atmospheric Environment
影响因子：
5
作者：
Bakkaloglu S
通讯作者：
Bakkaloglu S

Street-level methane emissions of Bucharest, Romania and the dominance of urban wastewater.

罗马尼亚布加勒斯特的街道甲烷排放量和城市废水的主导地位。

DOI：
10.1016/j.aeaoa.2022.100153
发表时间：
2022-02-01
期刊：
Atmospheric Environment: X
影响因子：
0
作者：
J. Fernández;H. Maazallahi;J. France;M. Menoud;M. Corbu;M. Ardelean;A. Calcan;A. Townsend‐Small;C. van der Veen;R. Fisher;D. Lowry;E. G. Nisbet;T. Röckmann
通讯作者：
T. Röckmann