Sources and Emissions of Air Pollutants in Beijing (AIRPOLL-Beijing)

北京空气污染物来源与排放（AIRPOLL-Beijing）

• 批准号: NE/N007190/1
• 负责人: Roy Harrison
• 金额: $ 200.03万
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN007190%2F1
• 关键词: Sources; Emissions; Air; Pollutants; Beijing; Sources; Emissions; Air; Pollutants; Beijing

Beijing suffers from very high concentrations of airborne pollutants, leading to adverse health and wellbeing for over twenty million people. The pollutants likely to have the greatest effects upon human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. Both particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide are emitted directly from individual sources (primary contributions, many of which are not well quantified); and are formed in the atmosphere (secondary contributions, which are highly complex). Ozone is entirely secondary in nature, formed from reactions of precursor gases, whose sources and abundance are also challenging to constrain. These uncertainties hinder understanding of the causes of air pollution in Beijing, which is needed to deliver effective and efficient strategies for pollution reduction and health improvement. AIRPOLL-Beijing project will address this challenge, through identification and quantification of the sources and emissions of air pollutants in Beijing. The project sits within the NERC/MRC-NSFC China megacity programme, which includes projects addressing the atmospheric processes affecting air pollutants, human exposure and health effects, and solutions / mitigation strategies to reduce air pollution and health impacts. The project exploits the combined experience and expertise of leading UK and Chinese scientists, applying multiple complementary approaches. The project deploys multiple atmospheric measurement and analysis strategies to characterise pollutant abundance and sources, develop novel emissions inventories, and integrate these to produce new modelling tools for use in policy development. We adopt a range of state-of-the-science approaches:-Receptor Modelling, where detailed composition measurements are used to infer pollutant sources from their chemical signatures, combining world-leading UK and Chinese capability.-Flux Measurements, where the total release of pollutants from all sources is measured, providing a key metric to refine emission inventories. We will combine near-ground measurements (using the unique Institute of Atmospheric Physics 325m tower in central Beijing), ground-based observations and fluxes derived from satellite observations.-3D spatial analysis, in which a novel sensor network will be deployed around central Beijing to measure pollutant fields.-Development of novel emissions inventories, which will predict the temporally- and spatially- resolved emissions of air pollutants from all sources, enhancing existing capability.-Development of new online modelling tools, within which to integrate emissions, atmospheric processing and meteorology to predict primary and secondary pollutant concentration fields.AIRPOLL-Beijing will integrate these approaches to provide thorough understanding of the sources and emissions of air pollutants in Beijing, at unprecedented detail and accuracy. While the project is a self-contained activity, key deliverables feed into Processes, Health and Solutions themes of the programme.This proposal seeks Newton fund support, part of the UK's Official Development Assistance (ODA) commitment. The project will directly address ODA objectives, in the categories of (i) people (through the joint development of novel scientific approaches to the understanding of megacity air pollution), (ii) programmes (as all aspects of the project are joint UK-Chinese research endeavours) and (iii) translation (through provision of detailed air pollution source assessments, in support of assessment of health impacts and development of mitigation strategies). More generally, the project will leave a legacy of improved air pollution understanding and research capacity of the Chinese teams, and, through integration with other themes of the Megacities programme, underpin improvements in the health and welfare of the population of Beijing, and across China more widely - ultimately benefitting more than a billion people.

北京患有非常高的空中污染物，导致超过两千万人的不良健康和福祉。对人类健康的影响可能最大的污染物是颗粒物，二氧化氮和臭氧。颗粒物物质和二氧化氮均直接从单个来源发射（主要贡献，其中许多贡献尚未得到充分量化）；并在大气中形成（次要贡献，高度复杂）。臭氧本质上是次要的，是由前体气体的反应形成的，其来源和丰度也对约束也充满挑战。这些不确定性阻碍了对北京空气污染的原因的理解，这是为减少污染和健康改善提供有效，有效的策略所需的。 Airpoll-Beijing项目将通过识别和量化北京空气污染物的来源和排放来应对这一挑战。该项目位于NERC / MRC-NSFC中国大型计划中，其中包括针对影响空气污染物的大气过程，人类暴露和健康影响的项目，以及解决空气污染和健康影响的解决方案 /缓解策略。该项目利用了英国和中国领先的科学家的综合经验和专业知识，采用了多种互补方法。该项目部署了多种大气测量和分析策略，以表征污染物丰度和来源，开发新颖的排放清单，并将其整合起来，以生成新的建模工具，以用于政策制定。我们采用了一系列的科学方法： - 受体建模，其中使用详细的组成测量方法来从其化学特征中推断出污染物来源，结合了世界领先的英国和中国的能力。升华测量值，其中所有来源的总污染物释放，从所有来源进行测量，从而提供了一个关键的计量，从而提供了完善的计量，从而提供了完善的污染物。 We will combine near-ground measurements (using the unique Institute of Atmospheric Physics 325m tower in central Beijing), ground-based observations and fluxes derived from satellite observations.-3D spatial analysis, in which a novel sensor network will be deployed around central Beijing to measure pollutant fields.-Development of novel emissions inventories, which will predict the temporally- and spatially- resolved emissions of air来自各种来源的污染物，增强了现有能力。开发新的在线建模工具，在该工具中，将排放，大气加工和气象学整合以预测原发性和二级污染物浓度领域。Airpoll-Beijing将整合这些方法，以提供对北比亚明的空气污染物的彻底理解，并在北比亚明（毫无疑问），并确定为细节，并精确地确定。虽然该项目是一项独立的活动，但主要的可交付成果将融入程序的流程，健康和解决方案主题。该提案寻求牛顿基金支持，这是英国官方发展援助（ODA）承诺的一部分。该项目将直接解决ODA目标，即（i）人的类别（通过联合开发新的科学方法来理解大型空气污染），（ii）计划（由于该项目的各个方面是英国 - 中国研究的努力）和（iii）（iii）（iii）翻译（通过提供详细的空中污染评估，以支持对健康策略的详细空气污染来源评估，以评估健康的策略和发展策略。更一般而言，该项目将留下改善中国团队的空气污染理解和研究能力的遗产，并通过与大型计划的其他主题集成，基于北京人口的健康和福利的改善，以及中国整个中国的健康 - 最终比十亿人受益。