STUDIES OF CHILDREN WITH FOCAL BRAIN INJURY

对局灶性脑损伤儿童的研究

• 批准号: 6397111
• 负责人: JOAN STILES
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-05-01 至 2000-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6397111
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); attention; behavioral /social science research tag; brain electrical activity; brain injury; child psychology; clinical research; cognition; cognition disorders; emotions; evoked potentials; human subject; language development; language disorders; longitudinal human study; magnetic resonance imaging; memory; middle childhood (6-11); neural information processing; neural plasticity; neuroanatomy; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; preschool child (1-5); space perception; stimulus /response

Over the past ten years, we have made significant progress in addressing key questions concerning deficit and development after early stroke. We found evidence of subtle early impairment and subsequent development in each domain examines. However, the profiles of impairment and development differed across domains. Deficits of language acquisition are initially pervasive in that they are observed following injury to widely distributed brain areas. Spatial analytic deficits exhibit more specific patterns of brain-behavior association, similar to those observed among adults with injury to comparable brain regions. We have to look for ways to resolve the apparent disparity in our cross-domain findings. The model that best fit our data focuses on redefining the nature of early plasticity. Recent animal studies provide strong evidence that plasticity plays a central role in brain development. Brain organization is to a large extent defined by the changes in patterns of connectivity that occur as a result of input to the maturing system. Early injury constitutes a perturbation of normal development. Specific neural resources are lost, and there is consequent impairment of the system. However, it is also a developing system and therefore a system with an exuberance of resources the fate of which are determined in large measure by input. Thus, the magnitude and duration of the initial impairment may well depend on a range of factors such as the timing of insult, extent and location of injury, and specificity of the neural substrate for athe function under consideration. In the next phase of the injury, and specificity of the neural substrate for the function under consideration. In the next phase of the project, we will extend our investigation of the long-term effects of early injury on development. We have made considerable headway in defining developmental profiles in the preschool and early school-age period. Less is known about change in the later school years. One goal for the next phase will be the focused examination of development within and across these domains. We will also initiate a full-scale study of two other important domains, spatial attention and executive functioning. We have initiated a collaboration with Eric Courchesne at UCSD who has an international reputation for studies of attention of normal and impaired populations. He has proposed studies focused on the basic mechanisms of attention which are important to our understanding of performances in other domains. Finally, we will begin to examine the development of executive functioning ina the FL population. Planning is key to a wide range of problem solving activities. Limitations on the initiation or flexibility of planning skills could have serious consequences for the development of children with early injury.

在过去的十年中，我们在解决方案方面取得了重大进展 有关早期衰退和发展的关键问题。 我们 找到了较小的早期障碍和随后发展的证据 每个领域都检查。 但是，损害和发展的概况 在各个域之间有所不同。 语言获取的不足最初是 普遍存在的是，它们在受伤后被观察到广泛分布 大脑区域。 空间分析缺陷表现出更具体的模式 脑行为的关联，类似于成年人 可比大脑区域的伤害。 我们必须寻找解决方法 我们的跨域发现中的明显差异。 最好的模型 适合我们的数据着重于重新定义早期可塑性的性质。 最近的 动物研究提供了有力的证据表明可塑性起着核心作用 在大脑发展中。 大脑组织在很大程度上是由 因输入而发生的连接模式的变化 成熟系统。 早期受伤构成正常的扰动 发展。 特定的神经资源丢失了，因此 系统受损。 但是，它也是一个发展系统， 因此，有大量资源的系统的命运是 通过输入大大确定。 因此，大小和持续时间 最初的损害很可能取决于一系列因素，例如 侮辱的时间，伤害的程度和位置以及 正在考虑的ATH函数的神经底物。 在下一个阶段 损伤和神经底物的特异性 正在考虑。 在项目的下一个阶段，我们将扩展我们的 对早期伤害对发育的长期影响的研究。 我们 在定义发展中的发展概况方面取得了长足的进展 学龄前和早期学时。 关于变化的知之甚少 后来的学年。 下一阶段的一个目标将是专注 检查这些领域内部和整个领域的发展。 我们也会 启动对其他两个重要领域的全面研究 注意力和执行功能。 我们已经开始合作 与UCSD的Eric Courchesne一起以国际声誉 正常人群和受损的注意力研究。 他提出了 研究重点是关注的基本机制，这对于 我们对其他领域表现的理解。 最后，我们将开始 检查执行职能的发展INA人群。 计划是各种各样的解决问题活动的关键。 限制 关于计划技能的启动或灵活性可能具有认真的 早期受伤儿童的发展后果。