Development of face processing expertise in children

儿童面部处理专业知识的发展

• 批准号: 6896879
• 负责人: JOAN STILES
• 金额: $ 25.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-06-01 至 2009-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6896879
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); age difference; behavioral /social science research tag; child (0-11); child psychology; children; clinical research; comprehension; early experience; experience; face expression; gender difference; human subject; learning; mental process; neural information processing; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): An international team of researchers proposes to examine the development of face processing from infancy through adolescence. We will investigate how infants' and children's face processing expertise is tuned by their experience with different classes of faces early in development. Children from infancy through adolescence and from different countries will be tested to determine how their experience with faces of different race, gender, age, and species affect their ability to classify faces into different categories and to recognize the identity of individual faces. We will test the hypothesis that while the human visual system may be biased at birth to favor face-like stimuli, much of our face processing ability is acquired through experience with thousands of faces over the course of development. Differential degrees of exposure to different categories of faces (race, gender, age, and species) will impact on how humans classify faces into different face categories and how they recognize individual faces within these general categories. Analogous to phonetic development, at early stages of face expertise acquisition, infants and children may process a broad range of faces from different races, genders, ages, and species with equal facility. As children mature and are selectively exposed to a limited number of face categories (one's own species, race, gender, and age group), their face expertise becomes more specialized. As they become increasingly more skilled at processing faces with which they have extensive experience (expertise), they lose their natural ability to process faces from face categories with which they have limited experience. This research program will provide much needed information to form a comprehensive picture of the development of face processing abilities and to delineate the role of experience in the formation of face expertise. Our research should facilitate the development of a general theory of face processing in children and adults. The methods we refine for this project should be of use for clinical studies and assessments that involve children with atypical trajectories in the development of face processing including cases of autism and developmental prosopagnosia.

描述（由申请人提供）：国际研究人员提议研究从婴儿期到青春期的面部处理的发展。我们将研究婴儿和儿童的面部处理专业知识如何通过他们在开发的早期与不同阶层面孔的经验来调节。从婴儿期到青春期到不同国家的孩子将经过测试，以确定他们在不同种族，性别，年龄和物种面孔的经历如何影响他们将面孔分为不同类别的能力，并认识到各个面孔的身份。我们将检验以下假设：尽管人类视觉系统在出生时可能会偏向于面对面刺激，但我们的大部分面部处理能力都是通过在开发过程中具有数千个面孔的经验而获得的。暴露于不同类别的面孔（种族，性别，年龄和物种）的差异程度将影响人类如何将面孔分类为不同的面部类别，以及他们如何识别这些一般类别中的个人面孔。类似于语音开发，在面部专业知识获取的早期阶段，婴儿和儿童可能会从不同种族，性别，年龄和物种具有相同设施的不同种族，性别，年龄和物种中处理广泛的面孔。随着孩子的成熟，并有选择地接触到有限的面部类别（自己的物种，种族，性别和年龄段），他们的面部专业知识变得更加专业。随着它们越来越熟练地在处理经验丰富的经验（专业知识）的处理面孔上，他们就失去了从具有有限经验的面部类别中处理面孔的自然能力。该研究计划将提供急需的信息，以全面了解面部处理能力的发展，并描述经验在形成面部专业知识中的作用。我们的研究应促进儿童和成人面部处理一般理论的发展。我们对该项目的完善方法应用于临床研究和评估，这些临床研究和评估涉及具有非典型轨迹的儿童在面部处理的发展中，包括自闭症和发育性疾病病例。