RESPONSE TO ALCOHOL

对酒精的反应

• 批准号: 2042813
• 负责人: TAMARA L WALL
• 金额: $ 8.59万
• 依托单位: SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-07-01 至 1998-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2042813
• 关键词: Asian Americans; Native Americans; alcohol dehydrogenase; alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; aldehyde dehydrogenases; auditory stimulus; behavioral genetics; blood tests; brain electrical activity; breath tests; cortisol; electroencephalography; ethanol; evoked potentials; expectancy; family genetics; genetic markers; genotype; human genetic material tag; human subject; male; neuroendocrine system; racial /ethnic difference; visual stimulus; young adult human (21-34)

It has been demonstrated that the prevalence of alcohol abuse and alcoholism varies widely among different ethnic groups. Asian populations appear to have lower rates of alcoholism than other ethnic groups, whereas certain tribes of Native Americans have very high rates of alcohol abuse. These differences in rates of alcoholism between various ethnic groups are thought to reflect a combination of sociocultural and biological factors. Several studies suggest that there may be racial and ethnic differences in biologic sensitivity to alcohol. The source of this disparity in alcohol sensitivity, while not well understood, presumably is the result of genetic differences in metabolic factors as well as differences in CNS "reactivity." This application proposes two studies which will evaluate reaction to alcohol in 21-25 year old Asian and Native American men. Subjects will be recruited and screened for personal and family history of alcoholism and other psychiatric disorders and will be genotyped for differences in alcohol metabolizing enzymes (ALDH2, ADH2, and ADH3 alleles). Subgroups of subjects will be identified based upon family history of alcoholism and genotyping variations. An alcohol/placebo challenge protocol will be used to evaluate behavioral, neuroendocrine, and electrophysiological reactivity to alcohol in matched subject subgroups. Subjects will also be followed over the course of the study to determine if they develop changes in alcohol drinking patterns or alcohol related problems. These studies have the potential to identify clinically relevant genetic markers of acute alcohol intoxication in addition to identifying possible cognitive, physiological, and/or neurochemical mechanisms which may be risk or protective factors for alcoholism or alcohol abuse.

事实证明，酗酒和酗酒现象普遍存在 不同种族群体的酗酒情况差异很大。 亚洲人 人群的酗酒率似乎低于其他族裔 群体，而美洲原住民的某些部落的比率非常高 酗酒。 酒精中毒率的这些差异 不同种族群体被认为反映了不同种族的综合体 社会文化和生物因素。 多项研究表明，有 可能是种族和民族对酒精的生物敏感性存在差异。 酒精敏感性差异的根源虽然不明确 据了解，这可能是代谢遗传差异的结果 因素以及中枢神经系统“反应性”的差异。这个应用程序 提出两项研究，评估 21 至 25 年间对酒精的反应 岁的亚洲和美洲原住民男性。 将招募受试者并 筛查个人和家族酗酒史及其他病史 精神疾病，并将针对酒精差异进行基因分型 代谢酶（ALDH2、ADH2 和 ADH3 等位基因）。 的子群 将根据酗酒家族史和 基因分型变异。 酒精/安慰剂挑战方案将是 用于评估行为、神经内分泌和电生理学 匹配的受试者亚组对酒精的反应性。 受试者还将 在研究过程中进行跟踪以确定它们是否发展 饮酒方式的改变或酒精相关问题。 这些 研究有可能确定临床相关的遗传 除了识别可能的急性酒精中毒标志物 认知、生理和/或神经化学机制可能是 酗酒或酗酒的风险或保护因素。