RESPONSE TO ALCOHOL IN ASIANS AND NATIVE AMERICANS

亚洲人和美洲原住民对酒精的反应

• 批准号: 2042814
• 负责人: TAMARA L WALL
• 金额: $ 4.23万
• 依托单位: SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-07-01 至 1995-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2042814
• 关键词: Asian Americans; Native Americans; alcohol dehydrogenase; alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; aldehyde dehydrogenases; auditory stimulus; behavioral genetics; blood tests; brain electrical activity; breath tests; cortisol; electroencephalography; ethanol; evoked potentials; expectancy; family genetics; genetic markers; genotype; human genetic material tag; human subject; male; neuroendocrine system; racial /ethnic difference; visual stimulus; young adult human (21-34)

It has been demonstrated that the prevalence of alcohol abuse and alcoholism varies widely among different ethnic groups. Asian populations appear to have lower rates of alcoholism than other ethnic groups, whereas certain tribes of Native Americans have very high rates of alcohol abuse. These differences in rates of alcoholism between various ethnic groups are thought to reflect a combination of sociocultural and biological factors. Several studies suggest that there may be racial and ethnic differences in biologic sensitivity to alcohol. The source of this disparity in alcohol sensitivity, while not well understood, presumably is the result of genetic differences in metabolic factors as well as differences in CNS "reactivity." This application proposes two studies which will evaluate reaction to alcohol in 21-25 year old Asian and Native American men. Subjects will be recruited and screened for personal and family history of alcoholism and other psychiatric disorders and will be genotyped for differences in alcohol metabolizing enzymes (ALDH2, ADH2, and ADH3 alleles). Subgroups of subjects will be identified based upon family history of alcoholism and genotyping variations. An alcohol/placebo challenge protocol will be used to evaluate behavioral, neuroendocrine, and electrophysiological reactivity to alcohol in matched subject subgroups. Subjects will also be followed over the course of the study to determine if they develop changes in alcohol drinking patterns or alcohol related problems. These studies have the potential to identify clinically relevant genetic markers of acute alcohol intoxication in addition to identifying possible cognitive, physiological, and/or neurochemical mechanisms which may be risk or protective factors for alcoholism or alcohol abuse.

已经证明，酒精滥用的患病率和 酗酒在不同族裔群体之间差异很大。 亚洲 人口似乎比其他种族低的酒精中毒率要低 小组，而某些美洲原住民的部落的比率很高 酗酒。 这些酒精中毒率之间的差异 人们认为各种种族反映了 社会文化和生物学因素。 几项研究表明那里 在生物学敏感性中，可能是种族和种族差异。 酒精敏感性的这种差异的根源，虽然不好 理解，大概是代谢遗传差异的结果 CNS“反应性”的因素和差异。此应用程序 提出了两项​​研究，这些研究将评估21-25的酒精反应 一岁的亚洲和美国原住民男人。 受试者将被招募，并且 筛选酗酒和其他人的个人和家族史 精神疾病，将根据酒精的差异进行基因分型 代谢酶（ALDH2，ADH2和ADH3等位基因）。 子组 将根据酒精中毒家族史和 基因分型变化。 酒精/安慰剂挑战方案将是 用于评估行为，神经内分泌和电生理学 匹配的受试者亚组中酒精的反应性。 受试者也将 在整个研究过程中遵循，以确定他们是否发展 酒精饮酒模式或与酒精有关的问题的变化。 这些 研究有可能识别临床相关的遗传 急性酒精中毒的标记除了确定可能 认知，生理和/或神经化学机制可能是 酗酒或酗酒的风险或保护因素。