CROSS NATIONAL RESEARCH ON THE AGED AND PENSION POLICY

老龄和养老金政策的跨国家研究

• 批准号: 3118895
• 负责人: FRED C PAMPEL
• 金额: $ 5.73万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-06-01 至 1990-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3118895
• 关键词: computer data analysis; education; gender difference; human old age (65+); income; industry; longitudinal human study; politics; social class; sociometry; statistics /biometry

This project proposes to examine the political participation or voting turnout of the aged in the advanced industrial democracies from 1950 to 1980. It does so by analyzing up to 70 election year, voting, and public opinion surveys done in 18 nations, and thereby exploits a valuable source of microlevel data seldom studied by aging researchers. With measures of aged political activity computed for multiple nations and time points from the individual data, the project will then relate to the voting turnout of the aged to pension and social welfare spending in the same nations. This shifts the focus from individual behavior to the macro-social and political outcomes of individual behavior. The long-term goal of such efforts is to understand the forces in modern democracies that affect the status of the aged. As the aged come to depend more and more on public transfers, their ability to influence public policy becomes crucial for their status. Most theories attribute little political efficacy to the aged or to their ability to influence policy. Other theories, however, argue that the aged have become increasingly influential in the political arena, and that their political activity increases public pension spending. The former arguments thus concentrate on structural determinants of welfare state policy and the status of the aged while the latter arguments consider the political determinants. The research proposed here will evaluate these theories, contribute to understanding nature and causes of public policy, and identify the forces behind the status of the aged in advanced industrial democracies. The methodological steps in the project include the following: 1) obtaining tabulations for each survey of age by whether or not respondents voted in the last election and by party choice for those who did vote; 2) computing similar tabulations for each survey with controls for the sex and education composition of the aged and nonaged populations; 3) using the tabulations to compute measures of the aged propensity to vote relative to the nonaged, and the aged share of voter turnout; 4) describing cross-national and longitudinal patterns of aged political participation; and 5) examining the statistical relationship between measures of participation of the aged and measures of public pension spending effort.

该项目建议审查政治参与或 先进工业民主国家老年人的投票率 从 1950 年到 1980 年。它通过分析多达 70 个选举年来做到这一点， 在 18 个国家进行投票和民意调查，从而 利用很少被研究的微观数据的宝贵来源 老龄化研究人员。 以老化的政治活动衡量 根据个人的多个国家和时间点计算 数据后，该项目将与老年人的投票率相关 同一国家的养老金和社会福利支出。 这 将关注焦点从个体行为转向宏观社会 个人行为的政治结果。 这些努力的长期目标是了解 现代民主国家影响老年人的地位。 作为 老年人越来越依赖公共转移，他们的 影响公共政策的能力对于他们的地位至关重要。 大多数理论几乎没有将政治效力归因于老年人或 他们影响政策的能力。 然而，其他理论认为 老年人在政治中的影响力越来越大 他们的政治活动增加了公共养老金 开支。 因此，前一种论点集中在结构性的方面。 福利国家政策和老年人地位的决定因素 而后者的论点则考虑了政治决定因素。 这里提出的研究将评估这些理论， 有助于理解公共政策的性质和原因， 并识别老年人地位先进背后的力量 工业民主国家。 该项目的方法步骤包括以下内容：1） 获取每次年龄调查的表格 受访者在上次选举中投票并按政党选择 那些投票的人； 2）计算每个相似的表格 对性别和教育构成进行控制的调查 老年人口和非老年人口； 3）利用表格进行计算 衡量老年人相对于非老年人的投票倾向， 以及选民投票率中的老年人比例； 4）描述跨国 老年人政治参与的纵向模式；和 5) 检查测量之间的统计关系 老年人的参与和公共养老金支出的措施 努力。