Uncovering the control of leaf starch degradation

揭示叶淀粉降解的控制

• 批准号: BB/L008378/1
• 负责人: Alison Smith
• 金额: $ 69.96万
• 依托单位: John Innes Centre
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL008378%2F1
• 关键词: Uncovering; control; leaf; starch; degradation

Plants feed themselves by converting carbon dioxide from the air into sugars, in the process of photosynthesis. These sugars provide the energy and building blocks for plant growth. Although photosynthesis can only happen in the light, most plants continue to grow at night. They are able to do this because some of the sugars made during the day are stored in leaves as starch. At night, the starch is broken down to release sugars that can be used for growth. We have discovered that plants control very precisely the rate at which starch is broken down to release sugars during the night, so that the supply of starch lasts precisely until the dawn when photosynthesis starts again. This control is very important, because mutant plants that run out of starch before dawn are unable to grow for the last part of the night. They are therefore less productive overall than normal plants. Remarkably, we have shown that the plant must be able to anticipate the length of the night and to do arithmetic in order to achieve this. When it gets dark, the plant measures the amount of starch it has, estimates the time until dawn, then divides the amount of starch by the length of time for which it must last in order to set the correct rate of breakdown to release sugars. We know that the length of time until dawn is measured by the plant's internal circadian clock, but we have very little knowledge of other aspects of the arithmetic division mechanism. The aim of this project is to discover more about how it works. To discover what genes and proteins are involved in the mechanism, we have produced plants that glow in the dark when they run out of starch and stop growing. This achievement means that we can now identify mutant plants that run out of starch at the wrong time; they will glow earlier or later during the night than normal plants. The mutant plants will have defects in genes needed for the arithmetic division mechanism. By identifying the defective genes we will be able to piece together how the arithmetic division mechanism works, and so understand how plants are able to grow all through the night.

植物通过在光合作用过程中将空气中的二氧化碳转化为糖来自我维持。这些糖为植物生长提供能量和组成部分。虽然光合作用只能在光照下进行，但大多数植物在夜间仍能继续生长。它们之所以能够做到这一点，是因为白天产生的一些糖以淀粉的形式储存在叶子中。晚上，淀粉被分解，释放出可用于生长的糖。我们发现，植物非常精确地控制夜间分解淀粉释放糖的速率，因此淀粉的供应精确地持续到黎明光合作用再次开始时。这种控制非常重要，因为在黎明前耗尽淀粉的突变植物将无法在夜间的最后一段时间内生长。因此，它们的总体生产力低于普通植物。值得注意的是，我们已经证明植物必须能够预测夜晚的长度并进行算术才能实现这一目标。天黑时，植物会测量其所含淀粉的量，估计到黎明的时间，然后将淀粉的量除以它必须持续的时间长度，以便设定释放糖分的正确分解率。我们知道直到黎明的时间长度是由植物内部的生物钟来测量的，但我们对算术除法机制的其他方面知之甚少。该项目的目的是更多地了解其工作原理。为了发现哪些基因和蛋白质参与了这一机制，我们培育出了当淀粉耗尽并停止生长时会在黑暗中发光的植物。这一成就意味着我们现在可以识别在错误时间耗尽淀粉的突变植物；它们在夜间比普通植物更早或更晚发光。突变植物将存在算术除法机制所需的基因缺陷。通过识别有缺陷的基因，我们将能够拼凑算术除法机制的工作原理，从而了解植物如何能够整夜生长。

项目成果

Multiple circadian clock outputs regulate diel turnover of carbon and nitrogen reserves.

多个生物钟输出调节碳和氮储备的昼夜周转。

• DOI: 10.1111/pce.13440
• 发表时间: 2019-01-17
• 期刊: Plant, cell & environment
• 作者: A. Flis;Virginie Mengin;A. Ivakov;Sam T. Mugford;Hans;B. Encke;Nicole Krohn;Melanie Höhne;R. Feil;R. Hoefgen;J. Lunn;A. Millar;Alison M. Smith;Ronan Sulpice;M. Stitt
• 通讯作者: M. Stitt

Starch: A Flexible, Adaptable Carbon Store Coupled to Plant Growth.

淀粉：一种与植物生长相结合的灵活、适应性强的碳储存。

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100241
• 发表时间: 2020-02-19
• 期刊: Annual review of plant biology
• 作者: Alison M. Smith;S. Zeeman
• 通讯作者: S. Zeeman

The Arabidopsis Framework Model version 2 predicts the organism-level effects of circadian clock gene mis-regulation

拟南芥框架模型版本 2 预测生物钟基因失调的生物体水平影响

• DOI: http://dx.10.1093/insilicoplants/diac010
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: in silico Plants
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Chew Y

Leaf Starch Turnover Occurs in Long Days and in Falling Light at the End of the Day

叶子淀粉周转发生在长日照和一天结束时光线下降的情况下

• DOI: http://dx.10.1104/pp.17.00601
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Plant Physiology
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: Fernandez O

The Starch Granule-Associated Protein EARLY STARVATION1 Is Required for the Control of Starch Degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves.

淀粉颗粒相关蛋白 EARLY STARVATION1 是控制拟南芥叶片淀粉降解所必需的。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1105/tpc.16.00011
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: The Plant cell
• 作者: Feike D