Biofortifying Brassica with calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) for human health

利用钙 (Ca) 和镁 (Mg) 对芸苔进行生物强化，以促进人类健康

• 批准号: BB/G014159/2
• 负责人: John Hammond
• 金额: $ 25.02万
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FG014159%2F2
• 关键词: Biofortifying; Brassica; calcium; Ca; magnesium

Over 10% of the UK population consumes insufficient calcium (Ca) or magnesium (Mg) for adequate health. Magnesium intakes are especially low for >40% of UK women aged 19-34. Dietary delivery of bioavailable Ca and Mg can be increased through genetic (breeding) and agronomic (fertiliser) biofortification of crops. Successful biofortification requires increasing the Ca and Mg concentration of edible crop portions whilst minimising the content of antinutrients such as oxalate and phytate. Antinutrients inhibit Ca and Mg uptake in the human gut. Vegetable Brassica crops are good targets as they have a high capacity for Ca and Mg, and low oxalate and phytate contents, along with other health benefits. Targeted genetic improvement of vegetable Brassica can have significant effects on Ca and Mg delivery to UK and global diets. Building on previous evolutionary studies, we showed recently for the first time that relatively few genetic loci control leaf Ca and Mg concentration (leaf-Ca and Mg; Broadley MR et al. 2008; Plant Physiol. 146, 1707-20). We also showed that sufficient natural genetic variation and heritability exists to attempt genetic biofortification in Brassica. Based on UK dietary surveys, consumption of a single portion of Brassica leaf or floret (e.g. broccoli, cabbage, kale, pak choi) - bred for realistically-achievable Ca and Mg contents - could increase UK intakes to levels greater than the LRNIs (Lower Reference Nutrient Intake) for three (Ca) and five (Mg) million adults. However, at present, genetic loci and individual genes controlling leaf-Ca and Mg are insufficiently resolved to be useful in breeding or to reveal the regulation of genes controlling leaf-Ca and Mg. We have assembled an expert consortium to address this timely opportunity. First, we will resolve candidate loci associated with leaf-Ca and Mg to the gene level. We will exploit our recently-published datasets and new Brassica technologies including gene expression arrays for association analysis (genetical genomics, or eQTL). This work is only now becoming possible because of the emerging crop Brassica genome sequence and new Brassica genetic/genomic resources. We will determine the function of candidate genes in planta using new populations of B. rapa mutants, alongside functional studies of Ca-transporter genes known to have complex effects on leaf-Ca and Mg in Arabidopsis. Public-good pre-breeding pipelines within the consortium will be used to disseminate information. Second, we will develop a modelling framework that defines regulatory gene networks controlling leaf-Ca and Mg in Brassica. We will integrate mineral input and output data, gene activity and allelic variation using state-of-the-art systems-based expertise and resources. We will define genes, alleles, and their regulatory network architecture in the context of increasing industry-use of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) fertiliser. Ca(NO3)2 is a desirable N fertiliser since it improves Brassica crop quality, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and improves the security of fertiliser transport and storage, since it cannot be used in explosives.

超过10％的英国人口消耗的钙（CA）或镁（MG）不足，以实现适当的健康。对于40％的19-34岁妇女，镁摄入量特别低。通过遗传（繁殖）和农作物的农艺（肥料）生物实践，可以增加生物利用CA和MG的饮食递送。成功的生物体现需要增加可食用作物部分的Ca和Mg浓度，同时最大程度地减少抗抗营养素的含量，例如草酸盐和植酸。抗营养素抑制人肠中的Ca和Mg摄取。蔬菜木制作物是良好的靶标，因为它们具有CA和MG的高容量，草酸盐和植物含量低以及其他健康益处。有针对性的遗传改善植物木制植物会对CA和MG向英国和全球饮食产生重大影响。在先前的进化研究的基础上，我们最近首次表明，遗传基因座对照叶子CA和MG浓度相对较少（Leaf-Ca和Mg； Broadley Mr.等，2008； Plant Physiol。146，1707-20）。我们还表明，存在足够的自然遗传变异和遗传力，可以尝试在胸前尝试遗传生物化。根据英国的饮食调查，消费一部分Brassica Leaf或Floret（例如西兰花，卷心菜，羽衣甘蓝，羽衣甘蓝，Pak Choi） - 繁殖用于现实的CA和MG含量 - 可以将英国的摄入量增加到比LRNIS（较低的参考营养摄入量）更大的水平（三（Ca）和五百万（MG）和五百万（MG）和一百万（MG）。然而，目前，控制叶-CA和MG的遗传基因座和单个基因无法解决可用于繁殖或揭示控制叶-CA和MG的基因的调节。我们已经组建了一个专业的财团来解决这个及时的机会。首先，我们将把与叶-CA和MG相关的候选基因座解决到基因水平。我们将利用最近发布的数据集和新的胸前技术，包括用于关联分析的基因表达阵列（基因基因组学或EQTL）。这项工作直到现在才变得有可能，因为新兴的作物胸罩基因组序列和新的胸前遗传/基因组资源。我们将使用新的Rapa突变体的新种群来确定植物基因在植物学中的功能，以及对拟南芥中对Leaf-Ca和MG具有复杂作用的CA-Transporter基因的功能研究。财团内的公共繁殖前管道将用于传播信息。其次，我们将开发一个建模框架，该框架定义了控制Brassica中LEAF-CA和MG的调节基因网络。我们将使用基于系统的专业知识和资源来整合矿物输入和输出数据，基因活动和等位基因变化。我们将在增加硝酸钙（CA（NO3）2）肥料的行业使用的背景下定义基因，等位基因及其监管网络结构。 CA（NO3）2是一种理想的N肥料，因为它可以改善木制作物质量，减少温室气体排放并提高肥料运输和储存的安全性，因为它不能用于炸药中。

项目成果

Magnesium and calcium overaccumulate in the leaves of a schengen3 mutant of Brassica rapa.

• DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab150
• 发表时间: 2021-07-06
• 期刊: Plant physiology
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: Alcock TD;Thomas CL;Ó Lochlainn S;Pongrac P;Wilson M;Moore C;Reyt G;Vogel-Mikuš K;Kelemen M;Hayden R;Wilson L;Stephenson P;Østergaard L;Irwin JA;Hammond JP;King GJ;Salt DE;Graham NS;White PJ;Broadley MR
• 通讯作者: Broadley MR

Analysis and visualisation of RDF resources in ondex

ondex中RDF资源分析与可视化

• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: CEUR Workshop Proceedings
• 作者: Canevet C.

A hypomethylated population of Brassica rapa for forward and reverse epi-genetics.

• DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-193
• 发表时间: 2012-10-20
• 期刊: BMC plant biology
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Amoah S;Kurup S;Rodriguez Lopez CM;Welham SJ;Powers SJ;Hopkins CJ;Wilkinson MJ;King GJ
• 通讯作者: King GJ

Eats roots and leaves. Can edible horticultural crops address dietary calcium, magnesium and potassium deficiencies?

• DOI: 10.1017/s0029665110001588
• 发表时间: 2010-11-01
• 期刊: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
• 影响因子: 7
• 作者: Broadley, Martin R.;White, Philip J.
• 通讯作者: White, Philip J.