Phosphorus cycling in the soil-microbe-plant continuum of agri-ecosystems

农业生态系统土壤-微生物-植物连续体中的磷循环

• 批准号: BB/L025957/1
• 负责人: John Hammond
• 金额: $ 54.36万
• 依托单位: University of Reading
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL025957%2F1
• 关键词: Phosphorus; cycling; soil; microbe; plant

The element phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient required by crops to ensure good growth and yields. Crops get their P from the soil via their roots in the form of phosphate (a phosphorus atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms, Pi). The availability of Pi for the crop in the soil depends on the soil type, its pH, the growth of bacteria and fungi in the soil and the amount of Pi the crop takes up. Unfortunately, P is very reactive and can get locked away in the soil either with other elements or in organic compounds, making it hard for the crop to acquire sufficient Pi. To overcome this, farmers add Pi fertilisers to the crop. However, Pi fertilisers are made from rock phosphate, a non-renewable resource, the availability of which is set to decline, and the price increase, over the coming decades. Excessive use of Pi fertilisers is also a problem as the Pi can be washed into local rivers and lakes and contributes to the process of eutrophication. Since plants evolved over millions of years without Pi fertilisers, they are well equipped with adaptations to help improve the availability of Pi near their roots. Many of these adaptations have not been selected for directly when breeding crop varieties or they are not optimised for rapidly growing, high yielding crops. These adaptations included making more roots, releasing acids from their roots to free Pi bound to the soil, releasing enzymes from their roots to release Pi trapped in organic compounds and recruiting soil bacteria and fungi to help acquire Pi. To help reduce our need for Pi fertilisers we will study these plant adaptations and the bacteria that grow near the roots of oilseed rape. We will begin by identifying the bacteria that live near the roots of these crop plants using next generation sequencing technology. This allows us to sequence the genomes of most of the bacteria living in the soil near the roots and identify them. We will also investigate the enzymes and proteins made by the bacteria and the root. These approaches will tell us about bacterial activity in the soil near the root and which processes they are contributing towards. Since the P can be in different forms in the soil, such as bound to the soil or trapped in organic compounds, we will use 31P-NMR spectroscopy to investigate what forms the P is in and how they change.The growth of bacteria around the roots of the crop is largely controlled by sugars and other products released by the roots; the content and concentrations of these are genetically determined. We will reduce the expression of some of the genes that determine the release of these compounds and study the effects on the types of bacteria present near the roots and the processes they affect in relation to P availability.Finally, the P requirement of the crop changes during the growing season, declining towards harvest. We will study how the root and the bacteria growing near to it change overtime and regulate the availability of P to the crop.These studies will provide valuable information on how a crop controls the bacteria growing near its root, how the bacteria help the crop acquire P and how these processes change during the growing season. This information will help develop agricultural systems that use existing P in the soil more efficiently and optimise the amount of Pi fertiliser required to grow a successful crop. It will also provide targets for breeding crops that are more efficient at acquiring Pi from the soil, either by themselves, or with help from some soil bacteria.

元素磷（P）是农作物所需的必不可少的养分，以确保良好的生长和产量。农作物通过其根以磷酸盐的形式从土壤中获取P（磷原子四个氧原子，PI）。土壤中农作物的PI的可用性取决于土壤类型，pH值，细菌和真菌在土壤中的生长以及作物所吸收的PI量。不幸的是，P具有反应性，可以用其他元素或有机化合物锁定在土壤中，这使得作物很难获得足够的PI。为了克服这一点，农民在农作物中添加了PI肥料。但是，PI肥料是由磷酸盐岩制成的，一种不可再生的资源，其可用性将在未来几十年中下降，价格上涨。过度使用PI肥料也是一个问题，因为可以将PI洗净到当地的河流和湖泊中，并有助于富营养化的过程。由于植物在没有PI肥料的情况下进化了数百万年，因此它们配备了适应性的适应性，以帮助提高其根附近的PI的可用性。在繁殖作物品种时，这些适应中的许多尚未直接选择用于迅速生长的高产作物。这些适应包括制作更多的根，从根部释放酸到自由与土壤结合的PI，从其根部释放酶以释放被困在有机化合物中的PI，并募集土壤细菌和真菌，以帮助获得PI。为了帮助减少对PI肥料的需求，我们将研究这些植物适应性和在油料种子强奸根附近生长的细菌。我们将首先使用下一代测序技术来识别这些作物植物根源附近的细菌。这使我们能够对生活在根附近土壤中的大多数细菌的基因组进行测序并识别它们。我们还将研究细菌和根部生产的酶和蛋白质。这些方法将告诉我们有关根附近土壤中的细菌活性以及它们正在促成的过程。由于P可以在土壤中以不同的形式，例如与土壤结合或被困在有机化合物中，因此我们将使用31p-NMR光谱法调查P中的哪种形式以及它们如何变化。作物根周围的细菌的生长由糖和根源释放的糖和其他产品控制。这些的内容和浓度是遗传确定的。我们将减少确定这些化合物释放的某些基因的表达，并研究对根附近存在的细菌类型的影响及其与P可供应性相关的过程。最后，在生长季节，作物变化的P要求下降，降低了收获。我们将研究根和细菌在其附近生长的生长如何改变加班并调节P对农作物的可用性。这些研究将提供有关农作物如何控制其根源附近的细菌，细菌如何帮助作物获得P以及这些过程如何在生长季节变化的有价值的信息。这些信息将有助于开发农业系统，这些系统在土壤中使用现有P的使用效率更高，并优化成功种植农作物所需的PI肥料量。它还将为繁殖作物提供靶标，这些繁殖作物在自己或在某些土壤细菌的帮助下从土壤中获取PI的效率更高。

项目成果

Comparative genomic, proteomic and exoproteomic analyses of three Pseudomonas strains reveals novel insights into the phosphorus scavenging capabilities of soil bacteria.

• DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13390
• 发表时间: 2016-10
• 期刊: Environmental microbiology
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Lidbury ID;Murphy AR;Scanlan DJ;Bending GD;Jones AM;Moore JD;Goodall A;Hammond JP;Wellington EM
• 通讯作者: Wellington EM

Niche-adaptation in plant-associated Bacteroidetes favours specialisation in organic phosphorus mineralisation.

与植物相关的拟杆菌门的生态位适应有利于有机磷矿化的专业化。

• DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00829-2
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: The ISME journal
• 作者: Lidbury IDEA;Borsetto C;Murphy ARJ;Bottrill A;Jones AME;Bending GD;Hammond JP;Chen Y;Wellington EMH;Scanlan DJ
• 通讯作者: Scanlan DJ

The 'known' genetic potential for microbial communities to degrade organic phosphorus is reduced in low-pH soils.

• DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.474
• 发表时间: 2017-08
• 期刊: MicrobiologyOpen
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Lidbury IDEA;Fraser T;Murphy ARJ;Scanlan DJ;Bending GD;Jones AME;Moore JD;Goodall A;Tibbett M;Hammond JP;Wellington EMH
• 通讯作者: Wellington EMH

Stimulation of Distinct Rhizosphere Bacteria Drives Phosphorus and Nitrogen Mineralization in Oilseed Rape under Field Conditions.

• DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00025-22
• 发表时间: 2022-08-30
• 期刊: mSystems
• 影响因子: 6.4

Identification of extracellular glycerophosphodiesterases in Pseudomonas and their role in soil organic phosphorus remineralisation.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02327-6
• 发表时间: 2017-05-19
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Lidbury IDEA;Murphy ARJ;Fraser TD;Bending GD;Jones AME;Moore JD;Goodall A;Tibbett M;Hammond JP;Scanlan DJ;Wellington EMH
• 通讯作者: Wellington EMH