Antecedent effects of catch crops upon the cycling of phosphorus in agro-ecosystems and scavenging of plant-fixed phosphorus by the soil microbiome

农作物对农业生态系统中磷循环的先期影响以及土壤微生物组对植物固定磷的清除

• 批准号: 1812453
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1812453
• 关键词: Antecedent; effects; catch; crops; upon

All plants require phosphorus (P) for growth. Modern agriculture depends on regular inputs of phosphate fertilizer, replenishing soil following crop removal. Large proportions of P in soils are strongly bound, effectively unavailable to plants. Catch crops - plant varieties grown to reduce nutrient losses between main crops when there is otherwise no vegetation cover - are successfully used to reduce nitrogen (N) leaching from soils, 'trapping' mineralised N in plant tissue which is released following vegetation decomposition. Much less is known regarding the effectiveness of catch crops in limiting P losses and provisioning P to main crops. Once captured, P in senescent catch crops will be present as nucleic acids or ATP, but with a greater proportion in the form of phytate, a complex storage molecule which once in soil is inaccessible to plants. However, phytate can be assimilated by fungi and bacteria. For these stores to become available to crops, microbial enzymes (various phytases and phosphatases) are required to hydrolyse phytate. An important consideration if catch crops are to be developed to increase P use efficiency is the effect antecedent crops have on supporting and conditioning the phytate-hydrolysing members of the soil microbiome and their mobilisation of P to render it available to main crops. This project will explore such phenomena in relation to plants currently commonly used as catch and cover crops, and consider novel species which may have enhanced capabilities in this respect.Aims: (i) identify candidate plant species with optimal properties to accumulate P from soils when grown as catch crops; (ii) determine the ability of such species to support soil microbiomes with increased capacities to hydrolyse phytate; (iii) explore the potential for such species to be used as a practical means to improve soil phosphorus management and supply, as novel catch crops in production systems.

所有植物都需要磷（P）才能生长。现代农业取决于磷酸盐肥料的定期输入，从而补充了农作物后的土壤。土壤中的大量P比例很强，实际上无法使用植物。捕捞作物 - 种植的植物品种，以减少主要作物之间的养分损失，否则在没有植被覆盖的情况下 - 成功地用于减少从土壤中浸出的氮（N），在植物组织中释放的植物组织中“捕获”矿物质N。关于捕获作物在限制P损失和为主要农作物提供P的有效性方面，知之甚少。捕获后，衰老捕获作物中的P将作为核酸或ATP存在，但比植物的形式更大，这是一种复杂的储存分子，一种复杂的储存分子在土壤中曾经是植物无法接近的。但是，植物可以被真菌和细菌吸收。为了使这些商店可用于农作物，需要微生物酶（各种植物酶和磷酸酶）才能水解植物。一个重要的考虑因素，如果要开发捕获农作物来提高P使用效率，则先前农作物对土壤微生物组的植物水溶液构件的影响和调节p，其动员P将其用于主作物。该项目将探索与当前通常用作捕捞和覆盖农作物的植物有关的现象，并考虑在这方面具有增强能力的新型物种。 （ii）确定这种物种支持土壤微生物组的能力，其能力增加了水解植酸的能力； （iii）探索将这种物种用作改善土壤磷管理和供应的实际手段的潜力，作为生产系统中的新型捕获农作物。