KNOWLEDGE BASE OF CHIMPANZEE COMMUNICATION

黑猩猩交流的知识库

• 批准号: 2841749
• 负责人: CHARLES R MENZEL
• 金额: $ 18.93万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-03-15 至 2002-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2841749
• 关键词: Pan; animal communication behavior; animal developmental psychology; behavioral /social science research tag; computer simulation; cues; environmental adaptation; memory; space perception; visual perception

The goal of this research is to determine some of the information that chimpanzees can recall and report about the nature and location of objects in outdoor environments. Four chimpanzees will be tested. The animals are uniquely well-suited for studies of recall memory. They have learned arbitrary visual symbols (lexigrams) that refer to foods and other objects, and some can use the lexigrams outside the context in which they encountered the objects. The following method will be used to assess recall memory. An animal sees an experimenter place an object in an outdoor location. Later, in its indoor cage, the animal can indicate to an uninformed person the type, location, quality, and other attributes of the object and who put it out. The delay between the cue-giving and response phases of the trial will range up to 4 weeks. To assess forgetting, some objects will be removed once the animal "reports" them, whereas others will be replaced. In addition, tasks that an animal can solve in real life situations in the outdoor enclosure will be modeled for presentation to that individual in a computer format. Animals will manipulate a joystick to make a cursor hit a target on a monitor. Targets and/or barriers will disappear as soon as the animal begins to move. The questions are how much detail the animal remembers about the relative positions of targets, landmarks, and barriers, and how efficient its route is. The animal's route will be compared on a jump by jump basis to an optimal routing. The ability to recall information about features of the environment not present to the senses is important in human thinking, planning and communication, and this ability presumably had a major influence on the emergence and evolutionary development of humans, but to date there are almost no data on recall memory capabilities in nonverbal animals.

这项研究的目的是确定黑猩猩可以回忆和报告有关室外环境中物体的性质和位置的一些信息。 将测试四个黑猩猩。 这些动物非常适合用于召回记忆的研究。 他们学到了指的是指代食品和其他物体的任意视觉符号（Lexigrams），有些人可以在遇到对象的上下文之外使用Lexigrams。 以下方法将用于评估召回记忆。 动物看到实验者将物体放在室外位置。 后来，在室内笼子里，动物可以向一个不知情的人指定物体的类型，位置，质量和其他属性，并将其淘汰。 试验的提示和响应阶段之间的延迟范围为4周。 为了评估忘记，一旦动物“报告”它们，将删除某些物体，而其他物体将被替换。 此外，将在室外围栏中可以在现实生活中解决的任务建模，以以计算机格式向该人介绍。 动物会操纵操纵杆，使光标击中监视器上的目标。 动物开始移动后，目标和/或障碍物将消失。 这些问题是动物记得目标，地标和障碍的相对位置以及其路线的效率的详细信息。 动物的路线将跳高跳跃与最佳路由进行比较。 回忆有关环境特征不存在感官的信息的能力在人类的思维，计划和交流中很重要，而且这种能力大概对人类的出现和进化发展产生了重大影响，但迄今为止，几乎没有数据关于非语言动物的回忆记忆能力。