ORGANIZATION OF MANUAL ACTIVITY

体力活动的组织

• 批准号: 6108221
• 负责人: DOROTHY M FRAGASZY
• 金额: $ 15.63万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-06-01 至 2000-05-15
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6108221
• 关键词: Cebidae; Pan; Pongo; age difference; animal communication behavior; animal developmental psychology; behavioral /social science research tag; child (0-11); child behavior; choice; cognition; communication behavior; computer assisted instruction; human subject; limb movement; performance; play; problem solving; psychomotor function; space perception; species difference; videotape /videodisc; visual stimulus

Instrumental manual activity is a hallmark of behavior in primates. It is an expression of cognitive as well as neuromotor and musculoskeletal function. Nonhuman primate models of such activity afford opportunities for intensive, controlled research not possible with human subjects and provide a comparative perspective that complements the work of developmental psychologists in this area. The five studies of this project focus on assessment of three aspects of instrumental manual activity in children and nonhuman primates: i) spatial competence in such tasks as planning and anticipating movement of the self, single objects, or objects with respect to each other; ii) coordination of bimanual activity, and iii) hierarchical organization of sequences of manual actions. Identical tasks will be presented to children at 11, 16, and 21 months of age, capuchin monkeys Cebus apella), and members of three ape species (bonobo, Pan paniscus; chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes; orangutan, Pongo pygmaeus). Tasks will be presented at the child's home or in the nonhuman subject's home cage or living area during several half-hour to hour-long sessions. Each subject will participate in spontaneous play with a variety of objects as well as in computer-mediated tasks in which joysticks, buttons or dials are used to control an image on a video monitor. Data from each study will be examined for within-group (i.e., monkey, ape, human) norms and between-group contrasts or similarities. The findings of all of the studies, considered jointly, will provide a broad picture of the relations among different aspects of instrumental manual activity in three primate families as well as of ontogenetic changes experienced by humans during their second year of life. It will also allow evaluation of the suitability of using these primate species as models of early instruments competence in humans.

工具性体力活动是灵长类动物行为的标志。 它 是认知以及神经运动和肌肉骨骼的表达 功能。 此类活动的非人类灵长类动物模型提供了机会 用于人类受试者不可能进行的密集、受控研究 提供补充工作的比较视角 该领域的发展心理学家。 该项目的五项研究重点评估三个方面 儿童和非人类灵长类动物的工具性手工活动：i) 规划和预测运动等任务的空间能力 自我、单个物体或物体之间的关系；二） 协调双手活动，以及 iii) 层级组织 手动操作的顺序。 相同的任务将提交给 11、16 和 21 个月大的儿童（卷尾猴 Cebus apella）， 以及三种猿类的成员（倭黑猩猩、Pan paniscus；黑猩猩、Pan paniscus） 穴居人；猩猩、侏儒猩猩）。 任务将在孩子的家中或非人类受试者的家中呈现 在几个半小时到一小时的训练中，在家里的笼子或生活区进行训练。 每个科目都会参与各种自发的游戏 对象以及计算机介导的任务，其中操纵杆、按钮 或转盘用于控制视频监视器上的图像。 来自每个的数据 将检查研究的组内（即猴子、猿、人类）规范 以及组间对比或相似之处。 所有调查结果 综合考虑的研究将提供一个广泛的图景 工具性手工活动不同方面之间的关系 三个灵长类家族以及经历的个体发生变化 人类在生命的第二年。 它还将允许评估 使用这些灵长类动物作为早期模型的适用性 仪器在人类的能力。