Emergence of spatial cognition and memory

空间认知和记忆的出现

• 批准号: 8305597
• 负责人: CHARLES R MENZEL
• 金额: $ 9.89万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8305597
• 关键词: Accounting; Adult; Animals; Area; Birds; Bypass; Calculi; Capuchin Monkey; Caregivers; Cognition; Cognitive; Communication; Competence; Development; Devices; Dimensions; Distant; Environment; Episodic memory; Event; Food; Foundations; Fruit; Hour; Human; Incentives; Insecta; Japanese Population; Knowledge; Learning; Location; Macaca; Mammals; Manuals; Memory; Nuts; Pan Genus; Pan paniscus; Papio hamadryas; Pattern; Performance; Plant Roots; Pongo pygmaeus; Primates; Resources; Route; Saguinus; Seasons; Site; Solutions; Source; Tail; Testing; Training; Travel; Trees; Variant; Visit; Visual; arm; base; biobehavior; food resource; memory recall; meter; operation; tool

Studies on animals' knowledge of resource locations are diverse. Animals use visual landmarks and spatial relations among landmarks to discriminate places where they found or stored food in the past (primates: Menzel & Juno 1985, MacDonald et al. 1994, Janson 1998, 2000; nonprimate mammals: Collett et al. 1986, Olton 1978, Vander Wall 1991, Jacobs 1992; birds: Sherry 1984; Shettleworth 1995; Krebs et al. 1990, Vander Wall 1990, Balda & Kamil 1992, Herz et al. 1994; insects and other animals: Gallistel 1990; Wehner et al., 1996). The travel patterns of primates suggest animals retain information about the location of resources. Tamarins move in neariy straight lines from one fruit-bearing tree to another tree of the same, synchronously fruiting species (Garber 1989). Chimpanzees transport stones hundreds of meters to tree-root anvils for cracking nuts (Boesch & Boesch 1984), and captive bonobos and orangutans will select, transport, and save tools to use 1 hour later (Mulcahy & Call 2006). Hamadryas baboons orient toward the distant waterhde at which the band will reassemble later (Sigg & Stolba 1981). The PI provided an experimental demonstration of the operation of learning and memory capabilities in wild primates. Japanese macaques appeared to form hypotheses about active food sites from one food find, taking into account the type of food item and the locations that contained it in past seasons (Menzel 1991). Captive long-tailed macaques varied their search according to food's proximity to visible environmental features (Menzel 1996a, b) and the spatial layout of initial food items (Hemmi & Menzel 1995). In studies of captive chimpanzees (E.Menzel 1973a,b, 1978, 1984), a single animal from a group of six was carried and could watch as an experimenter hid up to 18 piles of food in a 1-acre field. When the animal was released several min later, it recovered most of the hidden food. Its route connecting the food piles approximated a least-distance routing.

关于动物对资源位置知识的研究是多种多样的。动物在地标之间使用视觉地标和空间关系来区分过去发现或存储食物的地方（灵长类动物：Menzel＆Juno 1985，MacDonald等，1994，Janson 1998，1998，2000;非哺乳动物； 1978 ，，，， 1996）。灵长类动物的旅行模式建议动物保留有关资源位置的信息。 玉米粉蛋白以近乎直线的直线从一棵含水果的树移动到另一棵树，同步的果实物种（Garber 1989）。黑猩猩将石头运送数百米到树根砧座开裂的坚果（Boesch＆Boesch 1984），圈养的bonobos和猩猩将选择，运输和节省1小时后使用的工具（Mulcahy＆Call 2006）。 Hamadryas Baboons朝向遥远的Waterhde，以后将重新组合（Sigg＆Stolba 1981）。 PI提供了野生灵长类动物学习和记忆能力的运作的实验证明。日本猕猴似乎从一种食物发现的一种关于活跃食品的假设形成了假设，并考虑了过去季节中包含的食物的类型和所在的位置（Menzel 1991）。圈养的长尾猕猴根据食物与可见的环境特征的距离（Menzel 1996a，b）和初始食品的空间布局（Hemmi＆Menzel 1995）不同。 在对圈养的黑猩猩的研究（E.Menzel 1973a，b，1978，1984）中，携带了一群六人的一只动物，可以看着一个实验者在一个占地1英亩的领域中藏起来多达18堆食物。几分钟后释放该动物时，它恢复了大部分隐藏食品。它连接食物堆的路线近似于最小距离路由。