Neurobehavioral Determinants of Health Risk Behaviors: From Adolescence to Young Adulthood

健康风险行为的神经行为决定因素：从青春期到青年期

基本信息

批准号：
10436210
负责人：
Brooks Casas
金额：
$ 69.11万
依托单位：
VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-09-15 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10436210
关键词：
Address Adolescence Adolescent Behavioral Brain Brain region Child Rearing Cognitive Communities Data Decision Making Development Drug Addiction Goals Growth Health Health behavior Impairment Individual Differences Informal Social Control Joints Lead Living Arrangement Longitudinal Studies Low income Marital Status Measures Mediating Modeling Neurobiology Neurosciences Occupations Opioid Parents Pathway interactions Pattern Performance Persons Poverty Predisposition Prevention Process Reporting Rewards Risk Risk Behaviors Risk-Taking Role Rural Appalachia Rural Community Sampling Scientist Self-control as a personality trait Social Environment Substance abuse problem System Testing Youth addiction adolescent brain development cognitive control cognitive development cohort college contextual factors critical developmental period design executive function heroin overdose high risk population insight longitudinal analysis longitudinal design mind control neurobehavioral neurodevelopment neuroimaging neuromechanism neuroregulation novel strategies prospective recruit relating to nervous system reward processing socioeconomic adversity socioeconomics substance use young adult

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Health risk behaviors, such as substance use, are most prevalent during young adulthood and can lead to addiction. Thus, it is crucial to identify factors that contribute to growth in these health risk behaviors during young adulthood. A key feature of young adult health risk behaviors is delay or deficit in cognitive self-control of impulses. This is because prefrontal regions of the brain—regions critical to impulse control—are still maturing across young adulthood, a critical period of developmental transition with increasing independence in social contexts imbued with greater risk-taking opportunities. Current neurobiological models focus on developmental imbalance between the brain’s control and reward systems to explain the normative heightened risk taking seen in adolescence. Yet, little is known about individual differences in brain development underlying risky decision-making that leads to escalation of health risk behaviors from adolescence to young adulthood. This application proposes to continue a longitudinal study of 167 adolescents (13/14 to 16/17 years) throughout young adulthood (18/19 to 21/22 years) with intensive, repeated, multiple-level data (including neuroimaging, behavioral performance, and self- and parent report). The sample involves adolescents from understudied Appalachian rural communities that have high rates of substance abuse/addiction, and more recently an opioid/heroin overdose crisis. The objective is to clarify dynamic interactions between developmental trajectories of neural processes—risk/reward processing (valuation system) and cognitive control (control system)—that produce differential vulnerability to health risk behaviors in adolescence and young adulthood. The central hypotheses are: (1) the interplay between valuation and control systems contributing to health risk behaviors will be shown by statistical interactions between valuation and control neural activations as well as patterns of between-system connectivity; and (2) socioecological context effects on neural processes will clarify conditions under which adolescent brain development may become impoverished, and ultimately lead to suboptimal health behavior in young adulthood. The specific aims are to examine long-term prospective effects of brain development in adolescence on health risk behaviors in young adulthood as well as reciprocal effects of health risk behaviors on brain development (Aim 1) and to examine effects of socioeconomic adversity (e.g., scarcity, low income-to-need ratio) in adolescence on health risk behaviors in young adulthood, partially mediated through parenting contexts (e.g., parent self-regulation and maladaptive parenting), with socioeconomic contextual factors that are unique to young adulthood (e.g., college attendance) predicting young adult health risk behaviors (Aim 2). These findings will yield critical insights into the neural mechanisms underlying susceptibility to health risk behaviors in adolescence and young adulthood and contextual influences on these mechanisms, with the potential to inform optimally-timed, targeted prevention efforts to ameliorate developmental pathways of youth who are at risk for drug addiction.

项目概要健康风险行为，例如物质使用，在成年早期最为普遍，并可能导致因此，确定导致这些健康风险行为增长的因素至关重要。青少年健康风险行为的一个关键特征是认知自我控制的延迟或缺陷。这是因为大脑的前额叶区域（对冲动控制至关重要的区域）仍然存在。在成年早期成熟，这是发展转型的关键时期，独立性不断增强当前的神经生物学模型关注的是充满更多冒险机会的社会环境。大脑控制和奖励系统之间的发育不平衡来解释规范人口统计然而，人们对青春期的冒险行为知之甚少。导致健康风险行为从青春期到年轻人升级的潜在风险决策本申请拟继续对 167 名青少年（13/14 至 16/17 岁）进行纵向研究。整个青年期（18/19 至 21/22 岁），具有密集、重复、多层次的数据（包括样本涉及来自以下国家的青少年。药物滥用/成瘾率很高的阿巴拉契亚农村社区，以及更多最近发生了阿片类药物/海洛因过量危机，目的是澄清两者之间的动态相互作用。神经过程的发展轨迹——风险/回报处理（评估系统）和认知控制（控制系统）——对青春期和青少年时期的健康风险行为产生不同的脆弱性中心假设是：（1）评估系统和控制系统之间的相互作用。评估和控制之间的统计相互作用将显示对健康风险行为的贡献神经激活以及系统间连接模式；(2) 社会生态环境效应；对神经过程的研究将阐明青少年大脑发育可能发生的条件贫困，并最终导致青年期的健康行为不佳。具体目标是研究青春期大脑发育对年轻人健康风险行为的长期前瞻性影响成年期以及健康风险行为对大脑发育的相互影响（目标 1）并检查青春期社会经济逆境（例如稀缺、低收入需求比）对健康风险的影响成年早期的行为，部分是通过养育环境（例如父母的自我调节和适应不良的养育方式），以及青年时期特有的社会经济背景因素（例如，大学入学率）预测年轻人的健康风险行为（目标 2）。深入了解青春期健康风险行为易感性的神经机制青年时期和环境对这些机制的影响，有可能提供最佳时机、有针对性的预防工作，以改善有吸毒成瘾风险的青少年的发展道路。