Neurobehavioral Determinants of Adolescent Substance Use and HIV/STD Behaviors

青少年药物使用和 HIV/STD 行为的神经行为决定因素

• 批准号: 8811110
• 负责人: Brooks Casas
• 金额: $ 68.63万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8811110
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Risk Behavior; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Behavior; Behavior assessment; Biological Markers; Brain; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Communities; County; Decision Making; Depressed mood; Development; Drug Addiction; Drug usage; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; HIV; Health; Illicit Drugs; Individual Differences; Infection; Intervention; Joints; Knowledge; Longitudinal Studies; Marijuana; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neurobiology; Neurosciences; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prevention; Process; Reporting; Research; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Role; Rural; Sampling; Scientist; Sex Behavior; Sexual Partners; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Subgroup; Substance abuse problem; System; Testing; Time; Tobacco; United States; Unsafe Sex; Virus Diseases; Work; Youth; addiction; adolescent substance use; alcohol and other drug; base; cognitive control; design; executive function; high reward; high risk sexual behavior; improved; longitudinal design; mind control; mortality; neural correlate; neural patterning; neurobehavioral; neurodevelopment; neuroregulation; novel; public health priorities; relating to nervous system; research study

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescence is characterized by heightened vulnerability to health risk behaviors such as experimenting with drugs and alcohol and engaging in unsafe sexual activity that together are the major proximal causes of drug addiction and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Research in developmental neuroscience suggests that risk-taking in adolescence may derive from differing developmental trajectories of two distinct neural systems that regulate risky decisions: (i) early maturation of a reward system that biases decisions toward high-reward options, combined with (ii) late maturation of a cognitive control system that biases decisions away from options with potential negative consequences. Yet, we know very little about how developing reward and control neural systems interact to produce differential vulnerability to poor decision-making that leads to adverse health outcomes. We propose the first longitudinal analyses to examine how individual differences in developmental trajectories of reward/risk sensitivity and cognitive control are related to the development of adolescent substance use and risky sexual behaviors. We will study a sample of 120 adolescents from understudied Appalachian communities for the outcomes of substance use (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drug use) and HIV/STD-related risky sexual behaviors (e.g., multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex) throughout middle adolescence (13-17 years). We will use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify neural correlates of risky decision- making: reward/risk sensitivity (reward system) and cognitive control (control system). We will examine our hypotheses at the neural level as well as within the context of standard assessments of behavior (e.g., executive function tasks) and self- and parent reported attributes (e.g., approach/avoidance) to obtain a more integrated understanding of the connections between reward and control systems and adolescent risk-taking. Based on our conceptual model we will test whether cognitive control statistically moderates the effects of reward/risk sensitivity on adolescent substance use and HIV/STD-related risky sexual behaviors. We hypothesize that neural patterns of hyperactive reward sensitivity and hypoactive risk sensitivity will be related to greater involvement in substance use and risky sexual behaviors, especially for those adolescents with hypoactive cognitive control. The proposed research will make theoretical contributions by providing new knowledge about the interaction between reward and control neural systems that, to our knowledge, have not been studied. Our design will also allow us to investigate the reciprocal interplay between adolescent risky behaviors and these neural processes. The findings from this work will yield critical information for identifying adolescents with high neurobiological vulnerability for developing substance abuse and risky sexual behaviors and will have the potential to improve prevention efforts to positively alter developmental pathways of youth who are at risk for drug addiction and HIV/STDs.

描述（由申请人提供）：青春期的特点是更容易发生健康风险行为，例如尝试毒品和酒精以及从事不安全的性活动，这些都是吸毒成瘾和包括人体免疫缺陷在内的性传播疾病（STD）的主要原因病毒（HIV）感染。发育神经科学研究表明，青春期的冒险可能源于调节风险决策的两个不同神经系统的不同发育轨迹：（i）奖励系统的早期成熟，使决策偏向高奖励选择，结合（ii）认知控制系统成熟较晚，使决策偏离具有潜在负面后果的选项。然而，我们对发育中的奖励和控制神经系统如何相互作用，如何对不良决策产生不同的脆弱性，从而导致不良的健康结果知之甚少。我们提出了第一个纵向分析，以研究奖励/风险敏感性和认知控制发展轨迹的个体差异如何与青少年物质使用和危险性行为的发展相关。我们将对来自未充分研究的阿巴拉契亚社区的 120 名青少年进行样本研究，了解物质使用（例如烟草、酒精、大麻和其他非法药物使用）和与 HIV/STD 相关的危险性行为（例如多个性伴侣和无保护措施）的后果。性）贯穿青春期中期（13-17 岁）。我们将使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）来识别风险决策的神经相关性：奖励/风险敏感性（奖励系统）和认知控制（控制系统）。我们将在神经层面以及行为标准评估（例如执行功能任务）以及自我和父母报告的属性（例如接近/回避）的背景下检查我们的假设，以获得对这些联系的更全面的理解奖励和控制系统与青少年冒险行为之间的关系。根据我们的概念模型，我们将测试认知控制是否在统计上调节奖励/风险敏感性对青少年物质使用和艾滋病毒/性病相关危险性行为的影响。我们假设，奖励敏感性过度活跃和风险敏感性低下的神经模式将与更多地参与物质使用和危险性行为有关，特别是对于那些认知控制能力低下的青少年而言。拟议的研究将通过提供有关奖励和控制神经系统之间相互作用的新知识来做出理论贡献，据我们所知，这些知识尚未被研究过。我们的设计还将使我们能够研究青少年危险行为与这些神经过程之间的相互作用。这项工作的结果将为识别具有高度神经生物学脆弱性的青少年进行药物滥用和危险性行为提供重要信息，并将有可能改善预防工作，以积极改变有吸毒成瘾和艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险的青少年的发展途径。性病。