ENCODING PROCESSES ON COMPLEX VISUAL STIMULI

复杂视觉刺激的编码过程

• 批准号: 2245222
• 负责人: Geoffrey Russell Loftus
• 金额: $ 9.12万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-06-01 至 1999-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2245222
• 关键词: cognition; human subject; learning; long term memory; mathematical model; model design /development; neural information processing; short term memory; visual perception; visual stimulus

A great deal of everyday human activity is spent acquiring visual information from the environment and using this information to guide behavior. The proposed research is designed to investigate the perceptual and cognitive processes by which visual information is acquired and which result in a long-term memory representation of the acquired information. The research concerns perception of, and memory for, relatively complex visual material (mostly natural scenes). Three lines of empirical investigation are proposed. The first of perceptual processing, that is processing that operates on the visual information present in e environment. The second is of conceptual processing, that is processing that is carried out in short-term memory, and eventuates in the picture's long-term memory representation. The third is of priming, that is, the means by which semantic information, provided just before a picture's appearance, influences visual processing of the picture. In many (although not all) of the experiments, the general paradigm is the following. Pictures are presented for varying durations (e.g., from 30 to 500 milliseconds) and memory performance for the pictures is subsequently measured. Memory performance to exposure duration (called a performance curve) represents the temporal course of processing. Comparisons of performance curves obtained under different levels of some variable (e.g., for dim vs bright pictures) permits an assessment of the variable's effect on picture processing. Associated theoretical investigation is proposed. All experiments are intended to guide and test existing theories of perceptual and conceptual processing that have been proposed by the PI and by others. These theories are all formally and quantitatively specified; hence their predictions with respect to the proposed experiments are clear and unambiguous. Data and theory about normal visual processing provide a foundation for isolating causes of, and guiding solutions to abnormal or suboptimal visual processing. Suppose, for example, that an individual complains that he or she "just can't seem to keep up with what's happening in a complex visual environment." What is causing this problem? Is it, for example, simply a slowing of initial information acquisition? Is it a lack of ability to use appropriate contextual information to guide processing? Is it a lack of ability to manipulate acquired visual information in short- term memory? The proposed research will provide the empirical and theoretical technology that would enable a clinician to differentiate among these (and other) possible reasons for the difficulty.

大量的日常人类活动花在了视觉上 来自环境的信息，并使用此信息到 指南行为。 拟议的研究旨在调查 视觉信息的感知和认知过程 被获取并导致长期记忆表示 获得的信息。 该研究涉及对相对的感知和记忆 复杂的视觉材料（主要是自然场景）。 三行 提出了实证研究。 感知的第一个 处理，即在视觉上运行的处理 E环境中存在的信息。 第二个是概念上的 处理，即在短期内进行的处理 记忆，并在图片的长期记忆中发生 表示。 第三是启动的，即 图片之前提供的哪些语义信息 外观，影响图片的视觉处理。 许多人 （尽管不是全部）实验，但一般范式是 下列的。 图片以不同的持续时间显示（例如， 从30到500毫秒）和记忆性能 图片随后测量。 记忆力表现到曝光 持续时间（称为性能曲线）代表时间段 处理过程。 获得性能曲线的比较 在某些变量的不同级别下（例如，对于昏暗与明亮 图片）允许评估该变量对图片的影响 加工。 提出了相关的理论研究。 所有实验 旨在指导和测试现有的知觉理论和 PI和 其他的。 这些理论都是正式和定量的 指定的;因此，他们对提议的预测 实验清晰明确。 有关正常视觉处理的数据和理论为基础提供了基础 用于隔离异常或指导解决方案的原因或 次优的视觉处理。 例如，假设一个 个人抱怨他或她“似乎无法跟上 在复杂的视觉环境中发生的事情。 引起这个问题？ 例如，这只是放慢的 初始信息获取？ 是否缺乏使用能力 适当的上下文信息指导处理？ 是 缺乏操纵所获得的视觉信息的能力 术语记忆？ 拟议的研究将提供经验和 理论技术将使临床医生能够 在这些（和其他）可能的原因中区分 困难。