MEMORY FOR VISUAL MATERIAL

视觉材料的记忆

• 批准号: 2911113
• 负责人: Geoffrey Russell Loftus
• 金额: $ 11.4万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-06-01 至 2004-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2911113
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; human subject; information theory; memory; neural information processing; short term memory; stimulus generalization; visual fixation; visual perception; visual stimulus

The proposed research concerns perception of, and memory for visual material (ranging from relatively simple stimuli such as digit arrays to more complex stimuli such as natural scenes). The research is framed largely within a theory, the sensory- response/information-acquisition rate theory that PI and his collaborators have been developing for the past three years. Of central importance to the research is methodology involving equivalence techniques. Equivalence techniques which - essentially entail determination of the rules by which different factors combine to produce equivalent internal states - allow conclusions which, unlike those allowed by evaluation of typical statistical interactions, can be generalized both to theoretical constructs (e.g., "strength") and to other dependent variables (e.g., d') that are nonlinearly related to the dependent variable that happens to be measured in a particular experiment (e.g., proportion correct). Five broad research topics are proposed, designed to investigate, (1) visual degradation (e.g., contrast) effects on visual perception and memory, (2) processing of and memory for visual stimuli decomposed into high and low spatial frequencies, (3) unification of two facets of everyday visual behavior-information acquisition and phenomenological appearance, (4) processing as a path through some multidimensional encoding space, (5) integration of information across a series of brief presentations that mimic eye fixations, and (6) the relation between confidence and accuracy in visual memory. Data and theory about normal visual processing provide a foundation for isolating causes of, and guiding solutions to abnormal or suboptimal visual processing. Suppose, for example, that an individual complains that he or she "just can't seem to keep up with what's happening in a complex visual environment." What is causing this problem? Is it, for example, simply a slowing of initial information acquisition? Is it a lack of ability to use appropriate contextual information to guide processing? Is it a lack of ability to manipulate acquired visual information in short- term memory? The proposed research will provide the empirical and theoretical technology that would enable a clinician to differentiate among these (and other) possible reasons for the difficulty.

拟议的研究涉及对视觉材料的感知和记忆（从相对简单的刺激（例如数字阵列）到更复杂的刺激，例如自然场景）。这项研究主要是在理论中构建的，即PI及其合作者在过去三年中一直在发展的感官响应/信息收购率理论。对研究至关重要的是涉及等效技术的方法。等效技术 - 基本上需要确定不同因素结合以产生等效内部状态的规则 - 允许结论，与通过评估典型统计相互作用允许的结论，可以将其推广到理论构建体（例如，“强度”）和其他相关变量（例如，在某些相关的相关变量）（例如，相关的变量）（例如，与相关的变量相关的相关变量（例如），这些构建体（例如，“强度”）是相关变量的（例如）比例正确）。提出了五个广泛的研究主题，旨在调查，（1）视觉降解（例如，对比度）对视觉感知和记忆的影响，（2）将视觉刺激分解为高和低空间频率的处理和记忆的处理和记忆，（3）统一两个方面的视觉行为范围，（4）通过跨越（4）跨越（4）处理（4）的（4）的信息（4）在一系列模仿眼睛固定的简短演示中，以及（6）视觉记忆中置信度和准确性之间的关系。有关正常视觉处理的数据和理论为隔离异常或次优视觉处理的原因和指导解决方案提供了基础。例如，假设一个人抱怨自己“似乎无法跟上复杂的视觉环境中发生的事情”。是什么原因导致了这个问题？例如，这只是最初信息采集的放缓吗？是否缺乏使用适当的上下文信息指导处理的能力？是否缺乏在短期内存中操纵获得的视觉信息的能力？拟议的研究将提供经验和理论技术，该技术将使临床医生在这些难度上区分（以及其他）可能的原因。