Memory for Visual Material

视觉材料记忆

• 批准号: 6916070
• 负责人: Geoffrey Russell Loftus
• 金额: $ 21.95万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-06-01 至 2010-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6916070
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); adult human (21+); behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; eye movements; face expression; human subject; information theory; memory; neural information processing; short term memory; stimulus generalization; visual fixation; visual perception; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research primarily concerns perception of, and memory for visual material. It secondarily concerns theoretical, methodological, statistical, and data-presentation issues, with an ultimate goal of substantially changing how research problems are conceptualized and how data sets are thought about, analyzed, and interpreted. Seven broad research topics are proposed. The first five concern investigations of, (1) stimulus contrast effects on visual perception and memory in both children and adults, (2) processing of and memory for visual stimuli, particularly faces, decomposed into high and low spatial frequencies, (3) several aspects of face processing including the face-inversion effect, the concept of "configural" versus "featural" processing, and the difference between processing of familiar versus unfamiliar faces, (4) the relation between an observer's confidence in some memory and that memory's accuracy, and (5) acquisition of information across eye fixations. The two last, more general, aims are, (6) testing specific, quantitative theories of a variety of visual-perception and visual-memory processes; and (7) trying to re-direct the field of psychology (and other fields) with respect to a number of theoretical, statistical, and data-processing issues. Data and theory about normal visual processing provide a foundation for isolating causes of, and guiding solutions to abnormal or suboptimal visual processing. Suppose, for example, that an individual complains that he or she "just can't seem to keep up with what's happening in a complex visual environment." What is causing this problem? Is it, for example, simply a slowing of initial information acquisition (as could happen, e.g., as a result of clouding of the eye's lens with aging)? Is it a lack of ability to use appropriate contextual information to guide processing? Is it a lack of ability to manipulate acquired visual information in short-term memory? Similarly, there are face-processing deficits in several kinds of clinical populations. For example, autistics are known to have poor ability to discern facial expression, and to localize faces in complex scenes. This deficit is reflected in abnormal eye-movement patterns, and may be similarly manifest in other observable ways such as use of non-optimal spatial-frequency regions for face processing tasks. The proposed research-particularly the majority of it that is concerned with face processing -will provide empirical and theoretical bases, along with a variety of experimental procedures that are necessary for investigating such deficits. Finally, the proposed work on theory, methodology, statistics, and data interpretation is applicable to virtually every aspect of research in experimental psychology, clinical psychology, and neuroscience.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究主要涉及对视觉材料的感知和记忆。 其次，它涉及理论，方法论，统计和数据表现问题，最终目标是实质上改变研究问题的概念化方式以及如何考虑，分析和解释数据集。 提出了七个广泛的研究主题。 前五个关注对儿童和成人对视觉感知和记忆的刺激对比影响的关注研究，（2）视觉刺激的处理和记忆的处理和记忆，尤其是面孔，分解为高和低空间频率，（3）面部处理的几个方面观察者对某些内存的信心与该内存的准确性之间的关系，以及（5）跨眼固定的信息。最后两个更通用的目的是（6）测试各种视觉感知和视觉记忆过程的特定定量理论； （7）试图在许多理论，统计和数据处理问题方面重新指导心理学（和其他领域）。 有关正常视觉处理的数据和理论为隔离异常或次优视觉处理的原因和指导解决方案提供了基础。 例如，假设一个人抱怨自己“似乎无法跟上复杂的视觉环境中发生的事情”。 是什么原因导致了这个问题？ 例如，这仅仅是初始信息采集的放缓（例如，由于衰老而导致的眼睛镜头蒙上阴影）？ 是否缺乏使用适当的上下文信息指导处理的能力？ 是否缺乏在短期内存中操纵获得的视觉信息的能力？ 同样，在几种临床人群中存在面部处理缺陷。 例如，众所周知，自闭症患者辨别面部表情的能力较差，并在复杂的场景中局部面孔。 这种赤字反映在异常的眼动模式中，并且可能同样以其他可观察的方式表现出来，例如使用非最佳空间频率区域来处理面部处理任务。 拟议的研究尤其是与面部处理有关的大多数 - 将提供经验和理论基础，以及用于研究此类缺陷所必需的各种实验程序。 最后，关于理论，方法论，统计和数据解释的拟议工作几乎适用于实验心理学，临床心理学和神经科学研究的各个方面。