Drivers and consequences of introgression in evolution

进化中基因渗入的驱动因素和后果

• 批准号: 10552299
• 负责人: Daniel Matute
• 金额: $ 53.51万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-02-07 至 2028-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10552299
• 关键词: Alleles; Awareness; Behavior; Categories; Chimera organism; Collection; Data; Data Set; Drosophila genus; Environment; Eukaryota; Evolution; Gene Exchanges; Genetic; Genetic Variation; Genomics; Goals; Health; Human; Hybrids; Methods; Nature; Organism; Outcome; Phenotype; Population; Prevalence; Process; Research; Role; Source; Time; Variant; Work; climate change; comparative; falls; genetic analysis; genetic variant; genome sequencing; genomic data; human pathogen; method development; migration; parent grant; pathogen; programs; vector; virulence gene

Background: The importance of introgression, the evolutionary process by which alleles migrate between species via hybrids, was debated for decades. Genome sequencing revealed introgression to be pervasive in eukaryotes. Given its prevalence, we must determine the environmental and genomic factors that regulate its occurrence. Broad, long-term objective: Understanding how species form and persist in nature is a premier goal of evolutionary genetics. Since speciation involves the reduction of introgression between lineages, this question necessitates an understanding of the factors that regulate gene exchange that occurs when species have the chance to interbreed. Our research program on Drosophila hybrid zones has the potential of revealing how species form and what is the importance of introgression in evolution. Questions and approach: As a field, we are aware that introgression is common in nature. The time is ripe to understand what are the factors that determine whether an allele can cross species boundaries and thus serve as raw material for adaptation. The research we are proposing falls into three different categories. First, we will investigate the dynamics of introgressed alleles along space and time in multiple species. We have geolocated and timestamped collections from a hybrid zone which will offer the first evidence of its kind to determine how introgression varies over short periods of time (within 10 years). Second, we will assess whether experimental hybrid populations can inform the composition of naturally occurring hybrid populations. Finally, we will use genetic chimeras to study the phenotypic outcomes of introgressed alleles. My group has expertise in method development to analyze genomic data, genetic analysis of evolutionary processes, and experimental evolution which makes us well-suited to study what factors determine which alleles can cross species boundaries. Relevance to human health: Understanding the source of genetic variation is key to understand how new phenotypes arise. Work from the parent grant demonstrated that introgression is an important source of variation in many organisms, including human pathogens. This renewal proposes comparative approaches to identify introgressed loci in multiple taxa, some of which harbor pathogens or are vector species. Understanding how environmental and human factors influence the exchange of genes for pathogenicity or vector behavior has relevance to human health in a changing climate. Impact: The results from this proposal will generate methods and datasets that will be broadly useful, in addition to helping understand the process of introgression at multiple evolutionary scales. Importantly, the proposed research moves the field from piecemeal assessments of introgression across particular species pairs to a synthetic approach that tries to understand how the process interacts with the environment and whether there are commonalities to across eukaryotes.

背景：基因渗入的重要性，等位基因在基因之间迁移的进化过程 通过杂交产生的物种，争论了几十年。基因组测序揭示基因渗入在以下领域普遍存在 真核生物。鉴于其普遍存在，我们必须确定调节其的环境和基因组因素 发生。 广泛的长期目标：了解物种如何在自然界中形成和持续存在是首要目标 进化遗传学。由于物种形成涉及谱系之间基因渗入的减少，所以这个问题 需要了解当物种具有基因交换时调节基因交换的因素 杂交的机会。我们关于果蝇杂交区的研究计划有可能揭示如何 物种形式以及基因渗入在进化中的重要性。 问题和方法：作为一个领域，我们知道基因渗入在自然界中很常见。时机已成熟 了解决定等位基因是否可以跨越物种界限并从而发挥作用的因素是什么 作为适应的原材料。我们提出的研究分为三个不同的类别。首先，我们将 研究多个物种中渐渗等位基因沿空间和时间的动态。我们已进行地理定位 以及来自混合区域的带有时间戳的集合，这将提供此类的第一个证据来确定如何 基因渗入在短时间内（10 年内）会发生变化。其次，我们将评估是否进行实验 杂交种群可以了解自然发生的杂交种群的组成。最后，我们将使用 遗传嵌合体来研究渗入等位基因的表型结果。我的团队拥有方法方面的专业知识 开发分析基因组数据、进化过程的遗传分析和实验进化 这使我们非常适合研究哪些因素决定哪些等位基因可以跨越物种界限。 与人类健康的相关性：了解遗传变异的来源是了解新变异的关键 表型出现。亲本资助的工作表明基因渗入是 许多生物体的变异，包括人类病原体。本次更新提出了比较方法 识别多个类群中的渗入基因座，其中一些含有病原体或是载体物种。 了解环境和人类因素如何影响致病性或基因交换 病媒行为与气候变化下的人类健康相关。 影响：该提案的结果将产生广泛有用的方法和数据集， 除了帮助理解多个进化尺度的基因渗入过程之外。重要的是， 拟议的研究使该领域不再对特定物种的渗入进行零碎评估 与试图理解过程如何与环境相互作用的综合方法配对 真核生物之间是否存在共性。