The prevalence of genetic introgression in speciation

物种形成中基因渗入的普遍性

• 批准号: 10294615
• 负责人: Daniel Matute
• 金额: $ 2.83万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10294615
• 关键词: Admixture; Alleles; Architecture; Area; Arts; Atlantic Ocean; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Assay; Behavioral Genetics; Bioinformatics; CRISPR/Cas technology; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; Communities; Coupled; Data; Development; Development Plans; Disease; Doctor of Philosophy; Drosophila genus; Educational process of instructing; Feasibility Studies; Fellowship; Fostering; Gene Exchanges; Genes; Genetic; Genetic study; Genome; Genomics; Geographic Distribution; Geography; Goals; Habitats; Health; Human; Humidity; Hybrids; Individual; Island; Knock-out; Laboratories; Maps; Measurable; Measures; Mediating; Mentorship; Methods; Molecular Genetics; Natural History; Natural Selections; Natural experiment; Nature; Organism; Outcome; Pattern; Phenotype; Population; Portraits; Positioning Attribute; Postdoctoral Fellow; Prevalence; Process; Protocols documentation; Research; Research Personnel; Research Proposals; Resolution; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Scanning; Secure; Source; Specimen; Temperature; Testing; Variant; Work; admixture mapping; base; behavior test; career; college; experimental study; fly; follow-up; gene function; gene replacement; genetic architecture; genetic association; genetic testing; genetic variant; genome editing; genome-wide; genomic data; improved; pedagogy; portability; preference; programs; reproductive; skills; symposium; tenure track; trait; undergraduate student

ABSTRACT Background: The importance of genetic exchange between species has been a constant subject of debate among evolutionary biologists. Genomic data has demonstrated that gene exchange is much more common than previously thought and might even serve as a source of adaptation. Broad, long-term objective: The proposed study of naturally occurring hybrid zones will leverage the natural experiment that occurs in hybrid zones to find admixed genomes with which then can be used to dissect the genetics of behavioral traits that differ between two recently diverged Drosophila species. The goal of this supplement is to facilitate the professional development of Ms. Heidi Mavengere. Specific aims: Aim 1 of the study uses admixed flies from a hybrid zone to map genes underlying the ecologically important trait of temperature preference. This trait is an important source of reproductive isolation among Drosophila species. Admixture mapping provides a unique opportunity to identify the genes and processes that ultimately have led to divergence in ecological niche. Aim 2 will test genomic predictions using functional genetics tests to confirm whether the alleles associated with the phenotypic difference have caused the change. Method: Fruit flies from the genus Drosophila can be collected in their natural habitat and also maintained under laboratory conditions. In the last few years, we have improved our sequencing approaches and have also developed the ability to generate precise gene knock-outs in multiple species of Drosophila. This proposal leverages the identification of introgressed alleles in the genome to reveal the genetic basis of interspecific differences. The genes identified in these admixture analyses will be functionally validated with CRISPR- mediated gene replacements. Our preliminary results for admixture mapping and genome editing indicate we have the ability to execute the research proposal. Health-relatedness: Admixture mapping in humans is a primary approach used for the identification of disease-causing gene variants. However, follow-up experiments to test the function of genes correlated with disease are difficult to perform in humans. Admixture mapping protocols have therefore never been validated end-to-end from the population level at which variants correlated with disease are identified, to the functional molecular genetic level where the phenotypic state is manifested. This proposal will study traits involved in ecological reproductive isolation using admixture mapping and will connect inferences from statistical genomics to measurable phenotypic differences via genome editing. Impact: The results from this study will provide the first broad view of patterns of introgression in cases where species interbreed in nature, and will leverage those patterns of admixture to dissect the genetic basis of behavioral differences between species that cause reproductive isolation.

抽象的 背景：物种之间遗传交换的重要性一直是争论的恒定主题 在进化生物学家中。基因组数据表明基因交换更为普遍 比以前想到的，甚至可能是适应的来源。 广泛的长期目标：拟议的对自然发生的杂种区的研究将利用自然 在混合区域中发生的实验以找到混合基因组，然后可以使用这些基因组来剖析 最近两个果蝇种类之间有所不同的行为特征的遗传学。目标的目标 补充是为了促进海蒂·马文格（Heidi Mavengere）女士的专业发展。 特定目的：研究的目标1使用杂种区的混合果蝇来绘制基因的基因 温度偏爱的生态重要特征。该特征是生殖隔离的重要来源 在果蝇中。混合图提供了一个独特的机会来识别基因和 最终导致生态位分歧的过程。 AIM 2将使用 功能遗传学测试以确认与表型差异相关的等位基因是否引起 变化。 方法：果蝇属的果蝇可以在其自然栖息地中收集，也可以维持 在实验室条件下。在过去的几年中，我们改进了测序方法，并具有 还发展了在多种果蝇中产生精确基因敲除的能力。这个建议 利用基因组中渗入等位基因的鉴定来揭示种间的遗传基础 差异。这些混合分析中鉴定的基因将在功能上通过CRISPR- 介导的基因置换。我们的混合映射和基因组编辑的初步结果表明我们 有能力执行研究建议。 与健康相关性：人类中的混合映射是用于识别的主要方法 引起疾病的基因变异。但是，测试基因功能的后续实验与 疾病在人类中很难表现。因此，混合映射协议从未得到验证 从人口水平到端到端，鉴定出与疾病相关的变体水平，与功能 表型状态表现出的分子遗传水平。该建议将研究涉及的特征 使用混合图映射的生态生殖隔离，并将从统计中连接推断 通过基因组编辑到可测量的表型差异的基因组学。 影响：这项研究的结果将提供首个在渗入模式的广泛视野 物种在自然界中杂交，并将利用那些混合模式来剖析 引起生殖隔离的物种之间的行为差​​异。