An experimental test of hybrid speciation

杂交物种形成的实验测试

• 批准号: 9886390
• 负责人: Daniel Matute
• 金额: $ 29.6万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-03-11 至 2024-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9886390
• 关键词: Admixture; Affect; Alleles; Animals; Area; Chromosome inversion; Conflict (Psychology); Controlled Environment; Data; Disease Vectors; Disputes; Drosophila genus; Environment; Event; Evolution; Frequencies; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Drift; Genome; Genomic Segment; Genomics; Goals; Health; Human; Hybrids; Individual; Insecta; Laboratories; Lead; Maps; Measures; Meta-Analysis; Methods; Modeling; Molecular Genetics; Mutation; Organism; Pattern; Phylogenetic Analysis; Pilot Projects; Plants; Population; Prevalence; Process; Publishing; Research; Role; Seminal; System; Techniques; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; admixture mapping; computerized tools; design; experimental study; flexibility; genome-wide; genomic locus; genomic tools; reproductive

ABSTRACT/PROJECT SUMMARY Background: Hybrid speciation—when hybrids become reproductively isolated from their parental species—is argued to be common in plants, but the importance of the process in animals is hotly debated. The difficulty of obtaining evidence for animal hybrid speciation has led to two camps in speciation research: those who state that hybrid speciation in animals is rare, and those who consider the process to be rampant. The answer is bound to lie somewhere in between these two extremes, but no experimental tests have been attempted. Broad, long-term objective: My research goal is to use carefully designed experiments to understand the importance of different mechanisms of speciation. Arguably, hybrid speciation remains the most controversial of all evolutionary process that generates new lineages. Drosophila is a premier animal system to study experimental speciation and in this proposal I leverage its power to assess the importance of hybrid speciation. Specific aims: The goal of this project is to understand how likely it is for new animal species to arise through hybridization. Aim 1 will produce hybrid swarms between 35 species pairs with different levels of genetic divergence and measure what proportion of replicates give rise to reproductively isolated hybrid species. Aim 2 will study what ecological and genetic factors facilitate hybrid speciation. Aim 3 will assess the genetic changes underlying these parallel experimental hybrid speciation events, and specifically test previously published hypotheses about the genetic causes of hybrid speciation. Method: Fruit flies from the genus Drosophila can be maintained under laboratory conditions, and have an unmatched arsenal of molecular, genetic, and genomic tools. This proposal presents an experimental evolution approach using 35 hybridizing species pairs of Drosophila to understand how frequently hybrid speciation occurs. I will then gather genome wide data and identify the alleles associated with hybrid speciation. Preliminary results for the experimental evolution and mapping components are both promising. Health-relatedness: Both the questions—how prevalent is speciation by hybridization—and our approach to answering them—a new model to detect admixture in hybrid genomes—have relevance for human health. First, hybridization between insect species might generate new disease vectors. Yet, the evidence for or against hybrid speciation remains scant. Second, the computational tools we have developed are flexible enough to be used in any organism and they provide an advantage over other existing methods. Impact: Hybrid speciation is one of the most difficult speciation processes to conclusively demonstrate, because it is often impossible to rule out alternative explanations. Experimental evolution provides a means to observe hybrid speciation without ambiguity. The results from this proposal can resolve the conflict regarding the prevalence of hybrid speciation. Importantly, the results will also reveal whether there is a particular level of genetic divergence that is most suitable for the evolution of hybrid species.

摘要/项目摘要 背景：混合规格（杂种从其父母的规格中繁殖时） 认为在植物中很常见，但是动物过程中该过程的重要性是有争议的。困难 获得动物混合规格的证据导致了规格研究中的两个阵营：那些说明的人 动物中的杂种规范很少见，那些认为该过程猖ramp的人。答案是 一定会介于这两个极端之间，但没有尝试过实验测试。 广泛的长期目标：我的研究目标是使用精心设计的实验来了解 规范机制的重要性。可以说，混合规格仍然是最有争议的 在生成新谱系的所有进化过程中。果蝇是研究的主要动物系统 实验规范和在此提案中，我利用其能力来评估混合规格的重要性。 具体目的：该项目的目标是了解新动物通过 杂交。 AIM 1将在35对之间产生杂种群，具有不同的通用水平 差异和测量比例的重复产生了生殖分离的杂种物种。目标2 将研究哪些生态和遗传因素有助于杂交规格。 AIM 3将评估遗传变化 这些平行的实验混合特定事件的基础，并特别测试了先前发表的 关于杂交规格的遗传原因的假设。 方法：果蝇属的果蝇可以在实验室条件下维持，并具有 分子，遗传和基因组工具无与伦比的武库。该提案提出了实验进化 使用35种果蝇杂交物种对的方法来了解杂交规格的频率 发生。然后，我将收集基因组广泛的数据并确定与混合规格相关的等位基因。 实验进化和映射组件的初步结果都是承诺。 与健康相关：两个问题 - 普遍是通过杂交规范 - 我们的方法 回答它们是一种与人类健康相关的新模型，以检测混合基因组中的混合物。 首先，昆虫物种之间的杂交可能会产生新的疾病媒介。但是，有证据或 针对混合规格仍然很少。其次，我们开发的计算工具是灵活的 足以在任何生物体中使用，它们比其他现有方法具有优势。 影响：混合规范是最终证明，最困难的规范过程之一 因为通常不可能排除其他解释。实验进化提供了一种手段 观察混合规格而不会歧义。该提案的结果可以解决有关的冲突 混合规格的患病率。重要的是，结果还将揭示是否存在特定水平 遗传差异最适合杂种物种的进化。