An experimental test of hybrid speciation

杂交物种形成的实验测试

• 批准号: 9886390
• 负责人: Daniel Matute
• 金额: $ 29.6万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-03-11 至 2024-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9886390
• 关键词: Admixture; Affect; Alleles; Animals; Area; Chromosome inversion; Conflict (Psychology); Controlled Environment; Data; Disease Vectors; Disputes; Drosophila genus; Environment; Event; Evolution; Frequencies; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Drift; Genome; Genomic Segment; Genomics; Goals; Health; Human; Hybrids; Individual; Insecta; Laboratories; Lead; Maps; Measures; Meta-Analysis; Methods; Modeling; Molecular Genetics; Mutation; Organism; Pattern; Phylogenetic Analysis; Pilot Projects; Plants; Population; Prevalence; Process; Publishing; Research; Role; Seminal; System; Techniques; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; admixture mapping; computerized tools; design; experimental study; flexibility; genome-wide; genomic locus; genomic tools; reproductive

ABSTRACT/PROJECT SUMMARY Background: Hybrid speciation—when hybrids become reproductively isolated from their parental species—is argued to be common in plants, but the importance of the process in animals is hotly debated. The difficulty of obtaining evidence for animal hybrid speciation has led to two camps in speciation research: those who state that hybrid speciation in animals is rare, and those who consider the process to be rampant. The answer is bound to lie somewhere in between these two extremes, but no experimental tests have been attempted. Broad, long-term objective: My research goal is to use carefully designed experiments to understand the importance of different mechanisms of speciation. Arguably, hybrid speciation remains the most controversial of all evolutionary process that generates new lineages. Drosophila is a premier animal system to study experimental speciation and in this proposal I leverage its power to assess the importance of hybrid speciation. Specific aims: The goal of this project is to understand how likely it is for new animal species to arise through hybridization. Aim 1 will produce hybrid swarms between 35 species pairs with different levels of genetic divergence and measure what proportion of replicates give rise to reproductively isolated hybrid species. Aim 2 will study what ecological and genetic factors facilitate hybrid speciation. Aim 3 will assess the genetic changes underlying these parallel experimental hybrid speciation events, and specifically test previously published hypotheses about the genetic causes of hybrid speciation. Method: Fruit flies from the genus Drosophila can be maintained under laboratory conditions, and have an unmatched arsenal of molecular, genetic, and genomic tools. This proposal presents an experimental evolution approach using 35 hybridizing species pairs of Drosophila to understand how frequently hybrid speciation occurs. I will then gather genome wide data and identify the alleles associated with hybrid speciation. Preliminary results for the experimental evolution and mapping components are both promising. Health-relatedness: Both the questions—how prevalent is speciation by hybridization—and our approach to answering them—a new model to detect admixture in hybrid genomes—have relevance for human health. First, hybridization between insect species might generate new disease vectors. Yet, the evidence for or against hybrid speciation remains scant. Second, the computational tools we have developed are flexible enough to be used in any organism and they provide an advantage over other existing methods. Impact: Hybrid speciation is one of the most difficult speciation processes to conclusively demonstrate, because it is often impossible to rule out alternative explanations. Experimental evolution provides a means to observe hybrid speciation without ambiguity. The results from this proposal can resolve the conflict regarding the prevalence of hybrid speciation. Importantly, the results will also reveal whether there is a particular level of genetic divergence that is most suitable for the evolution of hybrid species.

摘要/项目摘要 背景：杂种物种形成——当杂种与其亲本物种在生殖上隔离时—— 人们认为这一过程在植物中很常见，但该过程在动物中的重要性却引起了激烈的争论。 获得动物杂交物种形成的证据导致了物种形成研究中的两个阵营： 动物中的杂交物种很少见，而那些认为这一过程很猖獗的人的答案是。 肯定介于这两个极端之间，但尚未尝试进行任何实验测试。 广泛、长期的目标：我的研究目标是使用精心设计的实验来了解 不同物种形成机制的重要性可以说，混合物种形成仍然是最具争议性的。 果蝇是产生新谱系的所有进化过程的主要动物系统。 实验物种形成，在本提案中，我利用其能力来评估混合物种形成的重要性。 具体目标：该项目的目标是了解新动物物种出现的可能性有多大 目标 1 将产生 35 个具有不同遗传水平的物种对之间的杂交群体。 分歧并测量重复的比例产生生殖隔离的杂交物种目标 2。 将研究哪些生态和遗传因素促进杂交物种形成。目标 3 将评估遗传变化。 这些平行实验混合物种形成事件的基础，并专门测试了之前发表的 关于杂交物种形成的遗传原因的假设。 方法：来自果蝇属的果蝇可以在实验室条件下饲养，并具有 该提案提供了无与伦比的分子、遗传和基因组工具库。 使用 35 个果蝇杂交物种对来了解杂交物种形成的频率 然后我将收集全基因组数据并识别与杂交物种形成相关的等位基因。 实验进化和绘图组件的初步结果都是有希望的。 健康相关性：杂交物种形成的普遍性以及我们的方法 回答这些问题——一种检测混合基因组混合的新模型——与人类健康相关。 首先，昆虫物种之间的杂交可能会产生新的疾病载体。 其次，我们开发的计算工具非常灵活。 足以用于任何生物体，并且它们比其他现有方法具有优势。 影响：混合物种形成是最难最终证明的物种形成过程之一， 因为通常不可能排除其他解释。实验进化提供了一种方法。 毫不含糊地观察混合形态。该提案的结果可以解决有关的冲突。 重要的是，结果还将揭示是否存在特定水平的混合物种。 最适合杂交物种进化的遗传分歧。