Fraternity as forging unity of local societies in Anglo-Norman England

兄弟情谊促进了盎格鲁-诺曼英格兰当地社会的团结

基本信息

批准号：
09610389
负责人：
TSURUSHIMA Hirokazu
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
Kumamoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

It is impossible to exaggerate the importance of the religious fraternity as an institution of intercession, which had an influence on European societies in the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries. This fraternity is a covenant (conventio) made between a monastery and another individual monastery, monk, priest, gild or lay person, for the salvation of one's soul through the prayer of the monks. In England its study, has been strangely neglected. In this research I am concerned with the fraternity of laymen with the monks after the Norman Conquest, and I have limited the discussion to the relationship between fraternity and land-grants at Ramsey Abbey, so that we may see here one aspect of local society.In the course of the ceremonial entrance into fraternity, land was granted to laymen. We should take into consideration a close relationship between the so-called feudal ties (the personal ties between abbot and man through the land-grant) and spiritual ties through the establishment of fraternity.The members of Ramsey Abbey's fraternity covered a wide range of social classes from noble families, minor noble families, shrieval families, local worthies, members of local English families, and even someone with a landed interest in London. The fraternity also included some local priests and even a parish.The content of the fraternity given by the monks differed between people according to their donation, status and power. In all cases, however, worldly ties and spiritual ties, or in other words, ties for the living and ties for the dead, got married in the fraternity covenant. This 'marriage' seems to have contributed to the solidarity of the lordship of Ramsey Abbey. We may also say that although the bond was vertical as between lord and man, the sense of sharing in prayers or burial places also gave a sense of unity to the members of the fraternity within their local community.

宗教兄弟会作为代祷机构的重要性怎么强调都不为过，它对十、十一和十二世纪的欧洲社会产生了影响。这个兄弟会是一个修道院与另一个修道院、僧侣、牧师、行士或俗人之间订立的盟约（conventio），目的是通过僧侣的祈祷来拯救一个人的灵魂。在英国，它的研究却奇怪地被忽视了。在这项研究中，我关注的是诺曼征服后平信徒与僧侣之间的兄弟情谊，并且我将讨论限制在拉姆齐修道院的兄弟情谊与赠地关系上，以便我们可以在这里看到当地社会的一个方面。在正式加入兄弟会的过程中，土地被授予外行人。我们应该考虑到所谓的封建联系（通过封地而与修道院院长和人之间的个人联系）和通过建立兄弟会来建立精神联系之间的密切关系。拉姆齐修道院兄弟会的成员涵盖了广泛的社会阶层。来自贵族家庭、小贵族家庭、贵族家庭、当地名流、当地英国家庭成员，甚至是在伦敦有土地利益的人。兄弟会还包括一些当地的神父，甚至一个教区。僧侣们所给予的兄弟会的内容根据人们的捐赠、地位和权力而有所不同。然而，在所有情况下，世俗的联系和精神的联系，或者换句话说，生者的联系和死者的联系，都在兄弟会盟约中结合在一起。这场“联姻”似乎有助于拉姆齐修道院领主的团结。我们也可以说，虽然主与人之间的联系是垂直的，但分享祈祷或墓地的感觉也给当地社区内的兄弟会成员带来了团结感。