The medieval history of England revised from a point of view of the sea

从海洋的角度修正英国中世纪史

基本信息

批准号：
20520647
负责人：
TSURUSHIMA Hirokazu
金额：
$ 2.83万
依托单位：
Kumamoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2008 至 2011
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Although England is a part of the Isle of Britain, surrounded by sea, there are relative lack of researches into fishery, maritime trade and traffic, and naval force ; that is, lack of those into activities of sea-men. There seems to me two reasons of this missing research link. The one is that at the present day British people face the cultural decay of ichthyophagy. The other problem is that historical evidence form tenth-to thirteenth was mainly concerned with taxation and settlement of disputes in a wide sense. The latter never shows that at that time fish had not been eaten, but they did a lot and various fish in their daily life. This means that fish could have been subsistence consumption to support ordinary people including the poorest people. This is the reason why fish exclusive of particular fish, such as herring, salmon and eel, dropped off the list of taxation. In the fourteenth century house hold-accounts we can see many and various names of fish. It may be safe to say that the history of England has been written from a point of view of land. However, the medieval English people could not survive without relationship with sea. Therefore, we need reconsider the medieval history through' fish eyes'.As the result of this research I show a new understanding of the medieval English History from four academic points of view : such as(1) environment characterization an technology,(2) social relationship,(3) various relations of rights, and (4) markets and trades.

英国虽然是不列颠岛的一部分，四面环海，但对渔业、海上贸易交通、海军力量的研究相对缺乏；也就是说，缺乏那些投入活动的海员。在我看来，这种缺失的研究联系有两个原因。一是当今英国人面临着食鱼文化的衰落。另一个问题是，第十至十三的历史证据主要涉及广义的税收和争端解决。后者从不表明当时没有吃过鱼，但他们在日常生活中却做了很多、各种各样的鱼。这意味着鱼类可能是维持普通民众（包括最贫困人口）的自给消费。这就是为什么除鲱鱼、鲑鱼和鳗鱼等特定鱼类外的鱼类从税收清单中消失的原因。在十四世纪的家庭账户中，我们可以看到许多不同的鱼名称。可以肯定地说，英格兰的历史是从土地的角度书写的。然而，中世纪的英国人离开了与海洋的关系就无法生存。因此，我们需要通过“鱼眼”重新思考中世纪历史。作为这项研究的结果，我从四个学术角度展示了对中世纪英国历史的新理解：例如（1）环境表征和技术，（2）社会关系，（3）各种权利关系，（4）市场和交易。