What determines gene flow? Effects of landscape, pollinators, selection by mother tree

基因流由什么决定？

• 批准号: 17570019
• 负责人: SAKAI Shoko
• 金额: $ 2.49万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17570019/
• 关键词: Temperate forest; Seed dispersal; Pollination; Forest fragmentation; Gene flow; 一斉開花; 低地フタバガキ林; 種子捕食者; 植食者; 遺伝構造; ランドスケープ; マイクロサテライト

The loss and fragmentation of natural habitats by human activities are pervasive phenomena in terrestrial ecosystems and considered to be major threats to biodiversity With increased levels of research, our understanding of processes involved in fragmentation and their impacts have developed considerablly over last decades. Recent important research advances include results of long-term fragmentation experiments, elucidation of the of influences caused by the creation of edges between fragments and surrounding altered detailed considerations of genetic and demographic consequences fragmentation and alternation of plant-animal interactions especially in plant reproductive processes. In this study we focused on alternation of gene flow by fragmentation of forests. First we observed pollinator fauna and density among different habitats. Window trap catches showed significant differences of abundance and species composition of trapped insects among different forest types, suggesting large changes of pollination processes by human disturbances. We aim observed seed dispersal of major bird-dispersed plants. We set seed traps in continuous and fragmented forests to see fruit production and seed dispersal patterns, and monitor density of disperses in the two forests We found that bird density was largely depended on fruit production of the forests rather than forest size. Thus it is unlikely that fragmentation itself caused changes in seed dispersal, although fragmentation afflicted seed dispersal through changes in plant species composition and thus fruit production patterns. The result is inconsistent with studies from tropical forests, which have indicated maims decline of pollinator service due to fragmentation. The difference may be because major dispersers in temperate forest of Japan are migratory birds, which inhabit a forest for only a short period and never strongly depend on the forest.

人类活动对自然栖息地的丧失和破碎是陆地生态系统中普遍存在的现象，并被认为是对生物多样性的主要威胁，随着研究水平的提高，我们对碎片化及其影响的理解在过去几十年中已经迅速发展。最近的重要研究进展包括长期破碎实验的结果，阐明碎片之间的边缘以及周围的遗传学和人口统计学后果的详细考虑因素造成的影响以及植物 - 动物相互作用的交替，尤其是在植物生殖过程中。在这项研究中，我们专注于通过森林的破碎来交替基因流。首先，我们观察到不同栖息地之间的授粉媒介和密度。窗户陷阱捕获物显示出不同森林类型中捕获昆虫的丰度和物种组成的显着差异，这表明人类干扰对授粉过程发生了很大变化。我们的目标是观察到主要鸟类分散植物的种子扩散。我们将种子陷阱设置在连续且碎片的森林中，以观察水果的产生和种子分散模式，并监测两个森林中分散的密度，我们发现鸟类密度在很大程度上取决于森林的水果产生，而不是森林的大小。因此，碎片本身不可能引起种子分散的变化，尽管碎片通过植物物种组成和果实生产模式的变化而遭受种子的分散。结果与热带森林的研究不一致，这表明由于破碎化而导致授粉媒介服务的下降。差异可能是因为日本温带森林中的主要分散器是候鸟，它仅在短时间内居住在森林中，并且从不强烈依赖森林。

项目成果

The effects of human management on spatial distribution of two bumble bee species in a traditional agro-forestry

人类管理对传统农林业中两种熊蜂空间分布的影响

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Journal of Apicultural Research (in press)
• 作者: Ushimaru A;Ishida C;Sakai S;Shibata M;Tanaka H;Niiyama K
• 通讯作者: Niiyama K

森林の分断化は取り散布樹木の更新に影響を及ぼすか?

森林破碎化是否会影响被砍伐和分散的树木的再生？

• 发表时间: 2008
• 作者: Naoe;S.;Sakai;S.;Sawa;A.;Masaki;T;松田裕之;直江将司・酒井章子・澤綾子・正木隆
• 通讯作者: 直江将司・酒井章子・澤綾子・正木隆

The effects of human management on spatial distribution of two bumble bee species in a traditional agro-forestry Satoyama landscape

人类管理对传统农林复合里山景观中两种熊蜂空间分布的影响

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Jounal of Apicultural Research (in press)
• 作者: Ushimaru;A.;Ishida;C.;Sakai;S.;Shibata;M.;Tanaka;H.;Nakashizuka;T
• 通讯作者: T

The effects of human management on spatial distribution of two bumble bee species in a traditional agro-forestry Satoyama Landacape

人类管理对传统农林业里山景观中两种熊蜂空间分布的影响

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Journal of Apicultural Research (印刷中)
• 作者: Ushimaru A;Ishida C;Sakai S;Shibata M;Tanaka H;Niiyama K & Nakashizuka T
• 通讯作者: Niiyama K & Nakashizuka T

Does forest fragmentation affect regeneration of bird-dispersed trees?

森林破碎化是否会影响鸟类分散树木的再生？

• 发表时间: 2008
• 作者: Naoe;S.;Sakai;S.;Sawa;A.;Masaki;T
• 通讯作者: T