What determines gene flow? Effects of landscape, pollinators, selection by mother tree

基因流由什么决定？

• 批准号: 17570019
• 负责人: SAKAI Shoko
• 金额: $ 2.49万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17570019/
• 关键词: Temperate forest; Seed dispersal; Pollination; Forest fragmentation; Gene flow; 一斉開花; 低地フタバガキ林; 種子捕食者; 植食者; 遺伝構造; ランドスケープ; マイクロサテライト

The loss and fragmentation of natural habitats by human activities are pervasive phenomena in terrestrial ecosystems and considered to be major threats to biodiversity With increased levels of research, our understanding of processes involved in fragmentation and their impacts have developed considerablly over last decades. Recent important research advances include results of long-term fragmentation experiments, elucidation of the of influences caused by the creation of edges between fragments and surrounding altered detailed considerations of genetic and demographic consequences fragmentation and alternation of plant-animal interactions especially in plant reproductive processes. In this study we focused on alternation of gene flow by fragmentation of forests. First we observed pollinator fauna and density among different habitats. Window trap catches showed significant differences of abundance and species composition of trapped insects among different forest types, suggesting large changes of pollination processes by human disturbances. We aim observed seed dispersal of major bird-dispersed plants. We set seed traps in continuous and fragmented forests to see fruit production and seed dispersal patterns, and monitor density of disperses in the two forests We found that bird density was largely depended on fruit production of the forests rather than forest size. Thus it is unlikely that fragmentation itself caused changes in seed dispersal, although fragmentation afflicted seed dispersal through changes in plant species composition and thus fruit production patterns. The result is inconsistent with studies from tropical forests, which have indicated maims decline of pollinator service due to fragmentation. The difference may be because major dispersers in temperate forest of Japan are migratory birds, which inhabit a forest for only a short period and never strongly depend on the forest.

人类活动造成的自然栖息地的丧失和破碎是陆地生态系统中普遍存在的现象，被认为是对生物多样性的主要威胁。随着研究水平的提高，我们对破碎过程及其影响的理解在过去几十年中有了很大的发展。最近的重要研究进展包括长期破碎实验的结果，阐明了碎片之间边缘的产生所造成的影响，以及周围改变的遗传和人口统计后果的详细考虑，破碎和动植物相互作用的交替，特别是在植物繁殖过程中。在这项研究中，我们重点关注森林破碎化导致的基因流交替。首先，我们观察了不同栖息地的传粉媒介动物群和密度。窗口陷阱捕获量显示不同森林类型中捕获的昆虫的丰度和物种组成存在显着差异，表明人类干扰导致授粉过程发生巨大变化。我们的目标是观察主要鸟类传播植物的种子传播。我们在连续和破碎的森林中设置种子陷阱，以观察果实产量和种子传播模式，并监测两片森林中的传播密度。我们发现鸟类密度很大程度上取决于森林的果实产量而不是森林规模。因此，破碎本身不太可能引起种子传播的变化，尽管破碎通过改变植物物种组成并从而影响果实生产模式来影响种子传播。这一结果与热带森林的研究不一致，热带森林的研究表明，由于破碎化，授粉媒介服务大幅下降。这种差异可能是因为日本温带森林的主要分散者是候鸟，它们在森林中栖息的时间很短，并且从不强烈依赖于森林。

项目成果

The effects of human management on spatial distribution of two bumble bee species in a traditional agro-forestry

人类管理对传统农林业中两种熊蜂空间分布的影响

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Journal of Apicultural Research (in press)
• 作者: Ushimaru A;Ishida C;Sakai S;Shibata M;Tanaka H;Niiyama K
• 通讯作者: Niiyama K

森林の分断化は取り散布樹木の更新に影響を及ぼすか?

森林破碎化是否会影响被砍伐和分散的树木的再生？

• 发表时间: 2008
• 作者: Naoe;S.;Sakai;S.;Sawa;A.;Masaki;T;松田裕之;直江将司・酒井章子・澤綾子・正木隆
• 通讯作者: 直江将司・酒井章子・澤綾子・正木隆

The effects of human management on spatial distribution of two bumble bee species in a traditional agro-forestry Satoyama landscape

人类管理对传统农林复合里山景观中两种熊蜂空间分布的影响

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Jounal of Apicultural Research (in press)
• 作者: Ushimaru;A.;Ishida;C.;Sakai;S.;Shibata;M.;Tanaka;H.;Nakashizuka;T
• 通讯作者: T

Does forest fragmentation affect regeneration of bird-dispersed trees?

森林破碎化是否会影响鸟类分散树木的再生？

• 发表时间: 2008
• 作者: Naoe;S.;Sakai;S.;Sawa;A.;Masaki;T
• 通讯作者: T

The effects of human management on spatial distribution of two bumble bee species in a traditional agro-forestry Satoyama Landacape

人类管理对传统农林业里山景观中两种熊蜂空间分布的影响

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Journal of Apicultural Research (印刷中)
• 作者: Ushimaru A;Ishida C;Sakai S;Shibata M;Tanaka H;Niiyama K & Nakashizuka T
• 通讯作者: Niiyama K & Nakashizuka T