Research system on effective markers for analyzing genetic variances in allied taxa.

分析近缘类群遗传变异的有效标记研究体系。

• 批准号: 11833009
• 负责人: KOSUGE Keiko
• 金额: $ 1.92万
• 依托单位: KOBE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11833009/
• 关键词: RAPD maker; Myrica rubra; Brachyscome; seed dispersal; wind pollination; retrotransposon; genome size; ゲノム再構成; 転位因子; 優性マーカー; 共優性マーカー; 花粉散布; 近交弱勢

The molecular biology method is important technique in the field of Systematics and Ecology of Botany. In this research, I tried to construct the research systems for analyzing genetic variances among closely related taxa or population using the random amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) maker method.1.Analyses for population structure of Myrica rubura in the Yakushima Island.I investigated genetic variances of 77 plants from three population of Myrica rubura, which is characterized by wind pollination and animal seed dispersal. Among 120 of RAPD makers, 8 of dominant and 8of co-dominant were useful to distinct individuals genetically. Using distribution pattern, size, sexuality and genetic type of each individual, seed and pollen dispersal process were estimated. About 2/3 individual of each population were derived from the outside population. Although the effective wind pollination distance was said to be about 10-20 m, Myrica pollen effectively dispersed about 50-440 m.2.Genomic reconstitution in the Australian Compositae, the genus Brachyscome.Though three taxa, B.campylocarpa, B.eriogona and B.smithwhitei are closely resembled in gross morphological features, their genome extremely differs in size. Eighteen RAPD markers, which were amplified specifically from B.eriogona with large genome, were sequenced and used for southern hybridization analyses. Six of them were retrotransposons and transposons, and several copies of them were found in the small genome of B.smithwhite, while they were not detected in the large genome of B.campylocarpa. Remarkable genome size variation in the Brachycome supposed to be derived transposable elements.

分子生物学方法是植物系统学和生态学领域的重要技术。在本研究中，我试图利用随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）标记方法构建密切相关的类群或种群之间遗传变异的研究体系。1.屋久岛杨梅种群结构分析。杨梅 3 个群体的 77 株植物的变异，其特征是风授粉和动物种子传播。在 120 个 RAPD 标记中，8 个显性标记和 8 个共显性标记对遗传上不同的个体有用。利用每个个体的分布模式、大小、性别和遗传类型，估计种子和花粉的传播过程。每个种群中约2/3的个体来自外部种群。虽然据说有效风授粉距离约为 10-20 m，但杨梅花粉有效分散约 50-440 m.2。澳大利亚菊科、Brachyscome 属的基因组重建。通过三个分类群，B.campylocarpa、B.eriogona和 B.smithwhitei 在总体形态特征上非常相似，但它们的基因组大小却截然不同。 18 个 RAPD 标记是从具有大基因组的 B.eriogona 中特异扩增的，经过测序并用于 Southern 杂交分析。其中6个是反转录转座子和转座子，在B.smithwhite小基因组中发现了几个拷贝，而在B.campylocarpa大基因组中未检测到它们。 Brachycome 中显着的基因组大小变异被认为是源自转座元件。