Morphological, Historical, and Cultural Study on Gap between Buildings

建筑物间隙的形态、历史和文化研究

基本信息

批准号：
14550604
负责人：
OIKAWA Kiyoaki
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University (2003)The University of Tokyo (2002)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14550604/
关键词：
Gap between Buildings Building Location Morphology Dilation Erosion Digital Image Processing Closing Densely Built-up Area 拡大収縮密集密度

项目摘要

The purpose of this study is to propose a method of quantification of the gap between buildings, which is one of features in Japanese urban space, and to clarify the characteristics of area and distribution of these gaps.The gap was defined as an area where a circle of radius r cannot sweep through on a building location map. The diameter of the circle stands for the width of a gap. To extract the gap-area, operations in image-processing method called erosion and dilation were applied. That is, after digital imaging of a building location map, building planes were dilated in terms of a digital figure corresponding to a circle of r and then eroded. This procedure is equivalent to a closing operation in morphology and enabled the extracting gaps.The following results were obtained by applying this procedure to the whole building location of Tokyo 23 wards and Osaka 24 wards.1)In Tokyo, the gap ratios (gross area ratios) at three different widths of gap were 0.5% at l.5m width, 1.4% at 2.5m, and 2.4% at 3.5m. In Osaka, 0.6%, 1.3%, and 2.0% respectively. Locally, there were many areas with a ratio more than 10%, therefore the quantity of gap cannot be neglected in urban area.2)The gap ratios and index of density (building density, perimeter-ratio, building coverage) were highly correlated.3)High gap ratio areas are located circularly along the periphery of JR Yamanote line in Tokyo and along the periphery of JR Osaka Kanjo line. These areas overlap with densely built-up residential areas, that is, large population, low green coverage, and high earthquake risk areas, therefore problematic areas for safety.In this study, a little consideration was taken for historical and cultural processes of gap generation. Some functions of gaps were exemplified by a field survey.

本研究的目的是提出一种对作为日本城市空间特征之一的建筑物之间的间隙进行量化的方法，并阐明这些间隙的区域特征和分布。间隙被定义为半径为 r 的圆无法扫过建筑物位置图。圆的直径代表间隙的宽度。为了提取间隙区域，应用了称为腐蚀和膨胀的图像处理方法中的操作。也就是说，在对建筑物位置图进行数字成像之后，建筑物平面被膨胀为对应于r圆的数字图形，然后被侵蚀。该程序相当于形态学上的闭运算，并启用了间隙提取。通过将此程序应用于东京 23 区和大阪 24 区的整个建筑位置，得到以下结果。1）在东京，间隙比率（总面积）三种不同间隙宽度下的比率）分别为：1.5m 宽度处为 0.5%、2.5m 处为 1.4%、3.5m 处为 2.4%。大阪分别为0.6%、1.3%和2.0%。局部地区不少地区的缺口比例超过10%，因此城市地区缺口的数量不容忽视。2）缺口比例与密度指标（建筑密度、周长比、建筑覆盖率）高度相关。 3）高间隙率区域位于东京JR山手线周边和JR大阪环城线周边的环状区域。这些地区与密集的居民区重叠，即人口多、绿化覆盖率低、地震危险性高的地区，因此是安全问题区。本研究稍微考虑了差距产生的历史和文化过程。。通过实地调查例证了间隙的一些功能。