Morphological, Historical, and Cultural Study on Gap between Buildings

建筑物间隙的形态、历史和文化研究

• 批准号: 14550604
• 负责人: OIKAWA Kiyoaki
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: Ritsumeikan University (2003)The University of Tokyo (2002)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14550604/
• 关键词: Gap between Buildings; Building Location; Morphology; Dilation; Erosion; Digital Image Processing; Closing; Densely Built-up Area; 拡大; 収縮; 密集; 密度; Gap between Buildings; Building Location; Morphology; Dilation; Erosion; Digital Image Processing; Closing; Densely Built-up Area; 拡大; 収縮; 密集; 密度

The purpose of this study is to propose a method of quantification of the gap between buildings, which is one of features in Japanese urban space, and to clarify the characteristics of area and distribution of these gaps.The gap was defined as an area where a circle of radius r cannot sweep through on a building location map. The diameter of the circle stands for the width of a gap. To extract the gap-area, operations in image-processing method called erosion and dilation were applied. That is, after digital imaging of a building location map, building planes were dilated in terms of a digital figure corresponding to a circle of r and then eroded. This procedure is equivalent to a closing operation in morphology and enabled the extracting gaps.The following results were obtained by applying this procedure to the whole building location of Tokyo 23 wards and Osaka 24 wards.1)In Tokyo, the gap ratios (gross area ratios) at three different widths of gap were 0.5% at l.5m width, 1.4% at 2.5m, and 2.4% at 3.5m. In Osaka, 0.6%, 1.3%, and 2.0% respectively. Locally, there were many areas with a ratio more than 10%, therefore the quantity of gap cannot be neglected in urban area.2)The gap ratios and index of density (building density, perimeter-ratio, building coverage) were highly correlated.3)High gap ratio areas are located circularly along the periphery of JR Yamanote line in Tokyo and along the periphery of JR Osaka Kanjo line. These areas overlap with densely built-up residential areas, that is, large population, low green coverage, and high earthquake risk areas, therefore problematic areas for safety.In this study, a little consideration was taken for historical and cultural processes of gap generation. Some functions of gaps were exemplified by a field survey.

这项研究的目的是提出一种量化建筑物之间差距的方法，这是日本城市空间中的特征之一，并阐明了这些差距的特征和分布的特征。缝隙被定义为半径R圈无法在建筑物位置图上扫描的区域。圆的直径占间隙的宽度。为了提取间隙区域，应用了称为侵蚀和扩张的图像处理方法的操作。也就是说，在建筑物位置图的数字成像之后，建筑平面是根据与R圆并侵蚀的数字形象扩张的。该过程等同于形态的闭合操作并启用了提取差距。以下结果是在东京在东京23 Wards和Osaka 24 Wards的整个建筑物位置应用的结果，在Tokyo中，间隙比（总面积比）在三个不同的差距为0.5％的宽度为0.5％，在L.5m witth，1.4％，1.4％和1.4％和1.4％和1.4％和1.4％和1.4％。在大阪，分别为0.6％，1.3％和2.0％。 Locally, there were many areas with a ratio more than 10%, therefore the quantity of gap cannot be neglected in urban area.2)The gap ratios and index of density (building density, perimeter-ratio, building coverage) were highly correlated.3)High gap ratio areas are located circularly along the periphery of JR Yamanote line in Tokyo and along the periphery of JR Osaka Kanjo line.这些地区与密集建立的居民区重叠，即大量人口，低绿色覆盖范围和高地震风险区域，因此有问题的安全区域。在这项研究中，几乎没有考虑到差距产生的历史和文化过程。差距的某些功能通过现场调查说明了。