A social-historical study of the spread of urban life-styles and changing views of life and death in Japan

日本城市生活方式的传播和生死观变化的社会历史研究

基本信息

批准号：
13610026
负责人：
MURAKAMI Kyoko
金额：
$ 0.64万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610026/
关键词：
葬儀死近代化都市化個人化

项目摘要

In mid-Meiji, kokubetsu-shiki (farewell ceremony during funerals) and Shinto wedding ceremonies were developed with the aim of improving and civilizing Japanese customs. These were the so-called modern Japanese "rites of passage." Except for those customs relating to the traditional Japanese household, or ie, most religious customs were considered mere superstitions.These modern rites of passage, suitable for the new urban life-style, were closely connected to the ie tem. At first, only intellectuals took part in these rites, but gradually the general populace of large cities also began to participate. Following the period of advanced economic growth in the 1960s, these customs spread throughout the entire country. Prior to this period, "shaso" (company funerals) " were only conducted by large companies, but after the boom, medium and small-sized businesses also held shaso for their founders. A large number of people also began conducting large-scale and expensive ceremonies during this time.Since the 1990s, the increased number of elderly people, along with a decrease in the birth rate have made it difficult to hold funerals based on the old ie system. For example, it used to be very difficult to buy the rights to a grave without descendants. "Shizen-so" (natural funeral : scattering bone-ashes in the ocean or on land) and other new burial customs are now being developed to allow people to choose how they will be buried. Societal pressure to conduct a traditional funeral service has weakened and Japanese funerals are become more private. As a result, views of death and mortuary rites are becoming more diversified.

在Meiji中期，Kokubetsu-Shiki（葬礼期间的告别仪式）和神道婚礼的开发旨在改善和文明日本习俗。这些是所谓的现代日本“通过仪式”。除了与传统日本家庭或IE有关的习俗之外，大多数宗教习俗仅被视为迷信。这些经过的现代仪式（适合新的城市生活方式）与IE TEM紧密相关。起初，只有知识分子参加了这些仪式，但逐渐地，大城市的一般民众也开始参加。随着1960年代高级经济增长的时期，这些习俗遍布全国。在此期间之前，“ Shaso”（公司葬礼）仅由大型公司进行，但是在繁荣，中小型企业也为创始人提供了Shaso。许多人也开始在这段时间进行大规模且昂贵的仪式。在这段时间，1990年代，由于1990年代，由于曾经是老年人的数量，因此，与老年人相比，它的范围增加了，因此，它的老年人的成员很难使其成为了IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT ENE ERE ENE ERE ENE ERE ENE EREES，因此曾经是构成的构成。很难在没有后代的情况下购买坟墓的权利。