Molecular Biology of Organismal Diversity

生物多样性的分子生物学

基本信息

批准号：
11NP0201
负责人：
MIYATA Takashi
金额：
$ 374.4万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Relationship between molecular evolution and organismal evolution, an important problem left to be clarified in molecular evolution field, have been studied in collaboration with researchers from three research fields, molecular evolution, molecular developmental biology, and molecular physiology. Our results of this project are as follows. (1)Takashi MIYATA (Kyoto Univ.), "The molecular bases of organismal diversity" : A molecular phylogeny-based analysis of several animal-specific gene families revealed that gene diversification had been completed before the parazoan-eumetazoan split and therefore there is no direct link between gene diversification and the Cambrian explosion. (2)Yoshinori SHICHIDA (Kyoto Univ.), "Functional diversity of visual pigments and its relationship with diversity of vision" : Functional analyses of the mouse models constructed using knock-in technology revealed close relationship between diversification of a visual pigment and that of a visual function. (3)T … More akashi GOJOBORI (National Inst. Genetics), "Study for biodiversity by comparative genomics and the database for expressed cDNA on planarian brain" : The pattern of commonly expressed genes in ear and eye suggested the common ancestral organs of ear and eye existed before diversification of those two organs. (4)Hiroshi HORI (Nagoya Univ.), "Active medaka transposon and genome rearrangement" : We succeeded in isolating the medaka fish transposable element, Tol2, and characterized the regulatory mechanism in the medaka genome, involving the expression of these mRNAs. (5)Shigeru KURATANI (RIKEN CDB), "Molecular developmental studies on vertebrate jaw evolution" : We isolated lamprey cognates of regulatory genes known to be involved in jaw patterning in gnathostomes and showed that oral patterning in the lamprey is based on the shifted cell-cell interactions between the epithelium and crest-derived ectomesenchyme as compared to that in gnathostomes. (6)Kiyokazu AGATA (RIKEN CDB), "Unraveling a fundamental genetic program for brain development and investigating the change of it in the brain evolution process" : Using EST, DNA microarray, in situ hybridization, and RNAi technologies, we succeeded in isolating a novel gene, noudarake, which involved in planarian brain formation. (7)Masami HASEGAWA (Inst. Statistical Math.), "Development of methods for molecular phylogenetics and their application to mammalian evolution" : Various methods for inferring molecular phylogenies based on the maximum likelihood method were developed. Applying these methods to mammalian and protistan evolution, we found frequent convergent evolution in morphological level. (8)Yoichi MATSUDA (Hokkaido Univ.), "Evolution of birds and reptiles inferred from genome structure" : Comparative cytogenetic maps of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle and the Japanese four-striped rat snake were constructed with EST clones. The cytogenetic maps revealed the close relatedness of turtles to birds rather than to snakes. We also showed that the avian and snake sex Z chromosomes were derived from the different chromosomes of the common ancestor. (9)Norihiro OKADA (Tokyo Inst. Tech.), "Diversification and speciation mechanism of cichlid fishes of Lake Victoria in Africa" : We found population-specific variation at the long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsin locus from more than 200 endemic species of haplochromine fishes in the East African Lake Victoria which would provide an insight into species formation. Less

分子进化与有机进化之间的关系是与三个研究领域，分子进化，分子发育生物学和分子生理学的研究人员合作研究的重要问题。我们对该项目的结果如下。（1）Takashi Miyata（Kyoto Univ。），“有机多样性的分子碱”：对几个动物特异性基因家族的基于分子系统发育的分析，揭示了基因多样化在帕拉唑烷-eumetazoan分裂之前已经完成，因此基因多样化的直接链接，因此没有直接的联系。（2）Yoshinori Shichida（Kyoto Univ。），“视觉色素的功能多样性及其与视觉多样性的关系”：使用敲门技术构建的小鼠模型的功能分析揭示了视觉色素的多样化与视觉功能的多样化之间的密切关系。（3）t…更多的Akashi Gojobori（国立遗传学），“比较基因组学对生物多样性的研究，以及在Planarian大脑上表达cDNA的数据库”：耳朵和眼睛中常见表达基因的模式表明，在这两个或眼睛的多元化之前已经存在着EAR和眼睛的共同祖传器官。（4）Hiroshi Hori（Nagoya Univ。），“活跃的Medaka transposon和基因组重排”：我们成功地隔离了Medaka Fish可转移元件，TOL2，并表征了Medaka基因组中的调节机制，涉及这些mRNA的表达。 (5)Shigeru KURATANI (RIKEN CDB), "Molecular developmental studies on vertebrate jaw evolution": We isolated lamprey cognates of regulatory genes known to be involved in jaw patterning in gnathostomes and showed that oral patterning in the lamprey is based On the shifted cell-cell interactions between the epithelium and crest-derived ecosenchyme as compared to that in gnathostomes。（6）Kiyokazu Agata（Riken CDB），“揭示了一个基本的遗传计划，用于脑发育，并研究了在大脑进化过程中它的变化”：使用EST，DNA微阵列，原位杂交和RNAi Technologies，我们成功地隔离了一种新型的基因，诺达拉克（Nough Noupnarake），涉及平面脑形成。（7）MASAMI HASEGAWA（Inst。StatisticsMath。），“分子系统发育方法的开发及其在哺乳动物进化中的应用”：开发了基于最大似然方法推断分子系统发育的各种方法。将这些方法应用于哺乳动物和protistan进化时，我们发现形态学水平经常收敛进化。（8）Yoichi Matsuda（Hokkaido Univ。），“从基因组结构推断出的鸟类和爬行动物的进化”：中国软壳龟的比较细胞遗传学图和日本四条大鼠蛇的比较。细胞遗传学图揭示了乌龟与鸟类而不是蛇的密切相关性。我们还表明，鸟类和蛇性Z染色体源自共同祖先的不同染色体。（9）Norihiro Okada（TokyoInst。Tech。），“非洲维多利亚湖的酸鸡酸鱼类鱼类的多样化和规范机制”：我们发现，长长波长敏感（LWS）OPSIN基因座的人口特异性变化，从超过200个源自东非湖中的单品种鱼类的植物中，可以从5个内部的haplanain lake At Infliagia中提供一个洞察力。较少的