Studies on Behavior and Reduction of Unregulated Air Pollutant : Nitroarenes

不受管制的空气污染物：硝基芳烃的行为和减少研究

基本信息

批准号：
08672472
负责人：
HAYAKAWA Kazuichi
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
Kanazawa University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

(1) We introduced another separation column (ODS), a zinc reducer column and a switching valve into the nitroarene analyzer, a HPLC equipped with a chemiluminescence detector, to determine trace levels of nitroarenes.(2) Benzene-ethanol extracts from diesel exhaust particulates were separated into 5 fractions on a silica-gel column with mixtures of n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. The strong direct-acting mutagenicities were observed in the dichloromethane-methanol and methanol fractions in the Ames test using the S.typhimurium YG1024 strain and nitroarenes were mainly in the former fraction of the two. The mutagenic contribution of nitroarenes were 1/3 of the all fractions. The large contribution of nitroarenes to the mutagenicity of urban air suggests that the monitoring of nitroarenes is very important for assessing the risk of air pollutants.(3) Concentrations of 1,3-, 1,6- and 1,8-dinitropyrenes (DNPs) and 1-nitropyrene (NP) in urban air were in the following decreasing order, Sapporo>Tokyo>Kanazawa. However, the concentrations in downtown areas of the three cities were at similar levels. The relative concentration of DNPs to that of 1-NP was the highest in Sapporo. As a reason, the large ration of diesel-engine vehicles was considered. Their concentrations showed diurnal and seasonal variations.(4) The relative concentrations of DNPs and 1-NP to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were lower in the suburban areas than in the downtown areas, suggesting that DNPs and 1-NP degradated in the presence of sun light during the transportation. On the other hand, the fact that both 2-nitrofluoranthene (NF) and 2-NP were not detected in diesel exhaust particulates but detected in airborne particulates suggested that these two compounds were formed in air.

（1）我们引入了另一个分离柱（ODS），一个还原列和一个开关阀到硝基苯乙烯分析仪，该分析仪是一种配备了化学发光检测器的HPLC，以确定氮气的痕量水平。将颗粒物分离为5个硅胶柱上，并与N-己烷，二氯甲烷和甲醇的混合物分离。在AMES测试中，使用二氯甲醇和甲醇级分在使用二磷酸二磷酸二甲醇和甲醇级分中观察到强的直接作用诱变率，而尼加氏菌YG1024菌株和氮气主要在两者的前一部分中。硝酸的诱变贡献为所有分数的1/3。氮气对城市空气诱变性的巨大贡献表明，对硝化酸的监测对于评估空气污染物的风险非常重要。（3）1,3-，1,6-和1,8-二氮的浓度（DNPS）（DNPS）城市空气中的）和1-硝基吡啶（NP）处于以下订单下，萨波罗>东京>卡纳泽（Kanazawa）。但是，这三个城市的市中心地区的浓度处于相似的水平。 DNP与1-NP的相对浓度在蓝宝石中最高。原因是，考虑了大量的柴油发动机车辆。他们的浓度显示昼夜和季节性变化。（4）郊区的DNP和1-NP与多环芳烃的相对浓度低于市区的地区，这表明DNP和1-NP在太阳光照下降解的。在运输过程中。另一方面，在柴油排气颗粒中未检测到2-硝基氟烷（NF）和2-NP这一事实，而是在空气中的颗粒中检测到的，这表明这两种化合物在空气中形成。