Studies on Behavior and Reduction of Environmental Nitroarenes

环境硝基芳烃的行为及其还原研究

基本信息

批准号：
06672138
负责人：
HAYAKAWA Kazuichi
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Kanazawa University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

(1) Each mean concentration of 1,3-dinitropyrene (1,3-DNP), 1,6-DNP,1,8-DNP and 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) in air in downtown Kanazawa were in the levels of fmol m^<-3> and sub pmol m^<33>-pmol m^<-3>, respectively. The concentrations were high in the daytime and low in the midnight and early in the morning. This diurnal variation gave a good correlation to the traffic volume, suggesting automobiles were the main contributors. The concentrations were high in spring and summer and low in autumn and winter. As reasons for this, degradation by sunlight in the former seasons and low atmospheric mixing dephts in the latter seasons were considered.(2) Concentrations of 1,3-, 1,6-and 1,8-DNPs and 1-NP in air in winter and summer in downtown Kanazawa, Sapporo and Tokyo were determined. Although the mean concentrations in Kanazawa were lower than those in Tokyo and Sapporo, there were similar tendencies as described above. The 1-NP to DNPs ratio in Sapporo was the largest in the three cities, suggest … More ing the largest diesel-engine vehicles to gasoline-engine vehicles ratio.(3) Concentrations of 1,3-, 1,6-and 1,8-DNPs in diesel Particulate were at the same levels as those in gasoline particulate. However, the concentration of 1-NP in diesel particulate was much higher than that in gasoline particulate. Considering the amount of particulates emitted from diesel-engine much larger than that of gasoline-engine, the contribution of diesel-engine vehicles to the amount of the above compounds in urban air was much larger than that of gasoline-engine vehicles.(4) In both diurnal and seasonal variation studies, good correlation coefficients were observed between the four concentrations and direct-acting mutagenic activities by the Ames test using three stains, TA98, YG1021 and YG1024. In the three, the YG1024 gave the largest coefficient. The contributions of the four compounds to the activities of air in YG1024 and TA98 strains were about 30% and 10%, respectively. The silica gel column chromatography suggested that the other contributors were less polar. When particulates were separately collected into five fractions of different particulate sizes, both the compounds and the activity were mainly contained in the finest particulate fraction (less than 1.1um) which was most adsorbed in alveoli of the lung. Less

(1) 金泽市中心空气中 1,3-二硝基芘 (1,3-DNP)、1,6-DNP、1,8-DNP 和 1-硝基芘 (1-NP) 的平均浓度分别为fmol m^<-3>和亚pmol m^<33>-pmol m^<-3>分别在白天浓度高，在午夜和清晨浓度低。昼夜变化与交通量有良好的相关性，表明汽车是春季和夏季浓度较高、秋季和冬季较低的主要原因。 (2)测定了金泽、札幌和东京市中心冬季和夏季空气中1,3-、1,6-和1,8-DNPs和1-NP的浓度。尽管金泽的平均浓度低于东京和札幌，但也存在如上所述的类似趋势。札幌的 1-NP 与 DNP 比率是这三个城市中最大的，这表明最大的柴油发动机车辆。 (3)柴油颗粒物中1,3-、1,6-和1,8-DNPs的浓度与汽油颗粒物中的浓度相同。柴油机颗粒物中1-NP的浓度远高于汽油颗粒物，考虑到柴油机排放的颗粒物量远大于汽油机，因此柴油机车辆对上述化合物量的贡献。 (4)在日变化和季节变化研究中，通过使用三种染色剂的Ames试验，观察到四种浓度和直接致突变活性之间存在良好的相关系数， TA98、YG1021 和 YG1024 中，YG1024 的系数最大。硅胶柱色谱表明，四种化合物对 YG1024 和 TA98 菌株中空气活性的贡献分别约为 30% 和 10%。当颗粒物被分别收集成不同颗粒尺寸的五个部分时，化合物和活性都较小。主要含有在肺泡中吸附最多的最细颗粒部分（小于1.1um）。