Studies on Reduction of Unregulated Air Pollutants Exhausted from Diesel Engine Vehicles

柴油机汽车尾气超标大气污染物减排研究

基本信息

批准号：
10557215
负责人：
HAYAKAWA Kazuichi
金额：
$ 6.72万
依托单位：
Kanazawa University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

(1)A clean-up column, a Pt/Rh reducer column and a switching valve with a concentrator column were introduced into the previous HPLC system equipped with a chemiluminescence detector. The proposed system determined trace levels of nitroarenes(NPAHs)in benzene-ethanol extracts from airborne particulates after simple treatments.(2)Airborne particulates were collected in Kanazawa, Toyama and Vladivostok(Russia), every season simultaneously. Atmospheric concentrations of 1-nitropyrene(NP), 1,3-, 1,6-and 1,8-dinitropyrenes(DNPs)showed seasonal variation(higher in winter than in summer)and automobiles were considered as the main contributor. 2-NP showed the different variation(higher in summer than in winter), suggesting the atmospheric formation. The atmospheric behaviors of 6-nitrochrysene, 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene have been revealed. The results suggested that not only automobiles but also other contributors were also important in Vladivostok.(3)Amounts of particulates exhausted from diesel-engine increased with the increase in loading. Amounts of organic-soluble fraction of particulate, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), NPAHs and direct-acting mutagenicity were also increased with the increase in loading. Analytical results of both NPAHs and PAHs did not show the effect of the addition of dimethyl carboxylate to light oil.(4)The extracts from diesel exhaust particulates showed antiestrogenic activities in estrogen-responsive MCF-7 cells and antiandrogenic activities in androgen-responsive PC-3/AR cells. We found that a part of these activities were attributed to PAHs in the extracts.

（1）将清理柱，PT/RH还原柱和带有浓度柱的开关阀引入了配备化学发光检测器的先前的HPLC系统中。提出的系统确定了简单处理后的苯 - 乙醇提取物中的氮硝酸（NPAH）。 1-硝基吡啶（NP），1,3-，1,6和1,8-二硝基副本（DNP）的大气浓度显示季节性变化（冬季高于夏季），并且汽车被视为主要贡献者。 2-NP显示出不同的变化（夏季比冬季更高），表明大气形成。已经揭示了6-硝基氯苯乙烯，7-硝基苯甲酸[A]和6-硝基苯甲[A] pyrene的大气行为。结果表明，不仅汽车和其他贡献者在vladivostok中也很重要。（3）随着柴油发动机的增加而耗尽的颗粒量随着负载的增加而增加。随着负载的增加，增加了颗粒物，多环芳烃（PAHS），NPAH和直接作用诱变的有机溶解量也增加了。 NPAH和PAH的分析结果均未显示添加二甲基羧酸酯对轻油的作用。（4）柴油排气颗粒物的提取物在雌激素反应性MCF-7细胞中显示抗雌激素活性，在雄激素反应性PC中的抗原活性-3/AR细胞。我们发现这些活动的一部分归因于提取物中的PAH。