Development of efficient irrigation schedules and soil salinity monitoring system in productive green arid lands

开发高效的绿色干旱土地灌溉计划和土壤盐分监测系统

• 批准号: 07556054
• 负责人: YAMAMOTO Tahei
• 金额: $ 8.58万
• 依托单位: TOTTORI UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07556054/
• 关键词: Tank irrigation system; Water harvest; Imaging plate; Dielectric soil moisture probe; Calibration curve; Dispersion coefficient; Remote sensing; Spectral reflectance; バルク法; 斜面日射量; 誘電率センサー; 溶質移動; 点滴灌漑; 緑化基盤; 土壌面蒸発ロス; 不均一な溶質移動; 数値実験; 放射性核種

The aims of this research project are to propose the efficient irrigation schedules and to develope new soil salinity monitoring system, assuming productive green arid land conditions. The results are as follows ; (1) Irrigation scheduling for tank irrigation system was proposed by discussing simulation results estimated under conditions of water harvest efficiency of 80%, daily irrigation interval, design irrigation interval, irrigated areas of 150 - 300m<@D12@>D1 during irrigation periods of 4 - 22 years. (2) The sodium chloride solution containing <@D122@>D1Na was added to barley-grown dune sand in order to trace the movement of Na in the soil and plants. The imaging plate (IP) which has digital information and high sensitivity was used instead of X-ray film. It was found that the IP could trace the movement of Na in the soil and the translocation of Na in plants than the X-ray film. (3) The measuring precision of some dielectric soil moisture probes based on (i) electromagnetic wav … More e, (ii) resonance phenomenon, (iii) complex dielectric constant, (iv) time-domain reflectometry and (v) amplitude domain reflectometry was evaluated using salty sand. The influence of salt concentration on the measurement of soil water content was discussed. A field-type dielectric soil moisture prove with four parallel rods based on amplitude domain reflectometry had the measuring precision within (]SY.+-。[)0.01 cm<@D13@>D1/cm<@D13@>D1 and (]SY.+-。[)0.02 cm<@D13@>D1/cm<@D13@>D1 in the low and high water range, respectively. The gauge had small influence of salt concentration on moisture measurement compared with other soil moisture gauges in the range ()to 30,000 ppm of NaCl solution. (4) In order to monitor solute transport in soil, four-electrode salinity probes were downsized to minimize any disturbances of the transport processes. The dispersion coefficients, D,for a regular Tottori dune sand (2 % clay content) and a washed sand without clay were determined for saturated and unsaturated flows using the four probes. The dispersivity for saturated flow is almost constant (0.1 cm) regardless of the pore water velocity, v, for both sands. For unsaturated flow the dispersivity is greater (>0.3cm) than forsaturated flow. The regular dune sand has greater D than for the washed sand especially for lower water content (> 1cm). (5) New vegetation cover index (VCI) using spectral reflectances was derived from the results of the experiments and field observation. It's applicability was confirmed on the model surfaces which were composed of sand, salt (NaCl) and vegetation (turf). The methods to evaluate the sand cover ratio and salt cover ratio using spectral reflectances were derived in the experiment. The method to diagnose the water and salt stresses of vegetation using spectral reflectances are also proposed. Less

该研究项目的目的是提出有效的灌溉时间表，并假设有生产性的绿色干旱土地条件，以开发新的土壤盐度监测系统。结果如下； （1）通过讨论在40％的水收集效率，每日灌溉间隔，设计灌溉间隔，150-300m <@d12@> D1在4-22年期间，提出了储罐灌溉系统的灌溉计划。 （2）将含有<@d122@> d1na的氯化钠溶液添加到大麦生长的沙丘砂中，以追踪Na在土壤和植物中的运动。使用具有数字信息和高灵敏度的成像板（IP）代替X射线膜。发现与X射线膜相比，IP可以追踪Na在土壤中NA的运动和Na在植物中的易位。 （3）基于（i）电子WAV的某些饮食土壤水分问题的测量精度……更多e，（ii）共振现象，（iii）复杂的词典常数，（iv）时间域反射测定法和（v）放大器结构域反射仪的反射仪，使用咸味砂评估。讨论了盐浓度对土壤水含量测量的影响。 A field-type dietary soil moisture prove with four parallel rods based on amplifier domain reflectometry had the measuring precision within (]SY.+-. [)0.01 cm<@D13@>D1/cm<@D13@>D1 and (]SY.+-.[)0.02 cm<@D13@>D1/cm<@D13@>D1 in the low and high water range, 分别。与其他土壤水分量表（）至30,000 ppm的NaCl溶液相比，盐浓度对水分测量的影响很小。 （4）为了监测土壤中的固体运输，将四个电极盐性问题降低，以最大程度地减少运输过程的任何灾难。使用四个问题确定了定期的Tottori沙丘砂（粘土含量为2％）和无粘土洗涤的砂的色散系数D，使用四个问题确定饱和和不饱和流的砂。对于两种沙子，饱和流的饱和流数几乎是恒定（0.1 cm）。对于不饱和流，色散大于（> 0.3 cm），而不是灌注流。普通的沙丘砂的D大于洗涤砂，尤其是对于较低的水含量（> 1厘米）。 （5）使用光谱反射的新植被覆盖指数（VCI）来自实验和现场观察结果。它的适用性已在由沙子，盐（NaCl）和植被（草皮）组成的模型表面上得到证实。在实验中得出了使用光谱反射率评估砂覆盖率和盐覆盖率的方法。还提出了使用光谱反射率诊断植被的水和盐应力的方法。较少的

项目成果

R.Kimura, J.Kondo, K.Otsuki and M.Kamichika: "Estimation of bulk transfer coefficient and surface moisture availability on a sorghum field in sand dune." Journal of Agricultural Meteorology. 53 (2). 131-140 (1997)

R.Kimura、J.Kondo、K.Otsuki 和 M.Kamichika：“沙丘高粱田的体积传输系数和表面水分可用性的估算”。

藤巻晴行, 取出伸夫, 山本太平, 井上光弘: "浅い地下水面を持つ砂丘砂カラムからの土壌面蒸発に伴う溶質移動" 農業土木論文集. 190. 77-86 (1997)

Haruyuki Fujimaki、Nobuo Toride、Taihei Yamamoto、Mitsuhiro Inoue：“与浅地下水位沙丘柱土壤表面蒸发相关的溶质运动”农业与土木工程杂志 190. 77-86 (1997)。

木村 玲二, 近藤 純正, 大槻 恭一, 神近 牧男: "砂丘砂ソルガム圃場におけるバルク輸送係数と蒸発効率の推定" 農業気象. 53(2). 131-140 (1997)

Reiji Kimura、Junmasa Kondo、Kyoichi Otsuki、Makio Kamichika：“沙丘高粱田中散装运输系数和蒸发效率的估算”农业气象学 53（2）（1997）。

K.Ito, K.Otsuki, and M.Kamichika: "Analysis of the perpendicular structure of vegetation by spectral reflectance in the visible and near infrared." Journal of Agricultural Meteorology. 52(5). 567-570 (1997)

K.Ito、K.Otsuki 和 M.Kamichika：“通过可见光和近红外光谱反射率分析植被的垂直结构。”

R.Kimura, J.Kondo, K.Otsuki and Y.Kihara: "A leaf bulk transfer coefficient model for latent heat flux and its application to lawnland., J.Agric.Meteorol." Journal of Agricultural Meteorology. 53 (4). 307-314 (1997)

R.Kimura、J.Kondo、K.Otsuki 和 Y.Kihara：“潜热通量的叶片体积传递系数模型及其在草坪上的应用。J.Agric.Meteorol。”