Discussion of soil degradation mechanism and efficient irrigation schedule in irrigated arid lands

旱地土壤退化机制及高效灌溉方案探讨

基本信息

批准号：
10460108
负责人：
YAMAMOTO Tahei
金额：
$ 8.06万
依托单位：
TOTTORI UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1.Vegetable cultivation in a greenhouse was performed using the microirrigation under soil-water control. It was shown clearly that the yield and quality of leafy vegetables were produced by suitable soil water range. The soybeans cultivating experiments were compared using three different types of mulching ; recycled paper mulch, black poly-film mulch, and silver film mulch. Growth of soybeans in the experimental field under recycled paper mulch was the best under the same amount of microirrigation, the water use efficiency was also high, and it was useful as water-saving cultivation. The microirrigation schedules with tank systems were recommended using the simulation models with irrigation parameters measured in the Tottori sand fields located in the west part of Japan. The simulation was carried out using daily rainfall, evapotranspiration and water retention curves of sand mixing with artificial zeolite. By applying characteristics of artificial zeolite to the microirrigation sche … More dules, saving amount of irrigation water were estimated for vegetables cultivated in Tottori sand fields.2.An experimental study was made on the effect on the soil of changing rainfall intensity in a short period of time. In the test on constant rainfall intensity. crust was formed at the initial stage. Unlike the constant rainfall intensity test, the soil loss gradually increased with the passage of time in the test on increasing the rainfall intensity. The cause for soil loss increase, however, differs between clayey soil and sandy soil. In the test on decreasing the rainfall intensity, the soil loss decreased with time. A change in the rainfall intensity strongly affected the clayey soil in terms of splash rate. Experiments were carried out by supplying artificial rainfall on the bare slope. In this experiment, rill networks that develop on the bare slopes and the time variations of soil run-off were measured. Particle size of run-off soil was analyzed and the relationship between the soil hardness, clay content of original soil and soil loss was investigated. And confinned that the change of configuration of soil surface was deeply influenced by the clay content of soil.3.The effects of clay minerals, clay contents and salinities of equilibrated solution to evaluate Na-Ca exchange selectivity using Montmorillonite and Illite were studied. The dielectric constant ε and bulk electrical conductivity (EC) of Na- and Ca-bentonites were measured by time-domain reflectometry (TDR). Bentonite samples though prepared by distilled water provided considerable magnitude of EC having a maximum peak value at volumetric water content θ=0.60 m^3 m^<-3>, the lowest limit of θ for saturaion : 3.88 dS m^<-1> for Na-bentonite and 1.45 dS m^<-1> for Ca-bentonite. Due to energy loss, TDR waveform was almost completely attenuated between θ=0.45 and 0.87 m^3 m^- for Na-bentonite and between θ=0.36 and 0.50 m^3 m^<-3> for Ca-bentonite. A two-stage laboratory method which consists of multi-step outflow and evaporation phase was developed for rapid estimation of the soil water retention function and hydraulic conductivity function K from near-saturation to air-dry. The function was determined by curve-fitting of the equilibrium outflow data and psychrometric data. The K function was estimated inversely using evaporation data and final water content profile. Compared with K data from other reliable method, reliability of the presented method was verified. Less

1。在土壤控制下使用微灌溉进行温室中的蔬菜种植。清楚地表明，绿叶蔬菜的产量和质量是通过合适的土壤水范围产生的。使用三种不同类型的覆盖物比较了培养实验的大豆。再生纸覆盖物，黑色多膜覆盖物和银膜覆盖物。在回收纸覆盖物下，在实验场中大豆的生长在相同量的微灌溉下是最好的，用水效率也很高，并且作为节水耕作很有用。建议使用在日本西部的托托里砂面上测量的灌溉参数的模拟模型，建议使用储罐系统的微灌溉时间表。使用每日降雨，蒸散量和与人造沸石混合的降雨，蒸散曲线和保留水曲线进行模拟。通过将人工沸石的特征应用于微灌溉sche…更多的dules，估计在托托里砂面上种植的蔬菜的灌溉水量估计。2。进行了一项实验性研究，对在短时间内对降雨强度变化的影响进行了实验性研究。在持续降雨强度的测试中。在初始阶段形成地壳。与持续的降雨强度测试不同，随着时间在增加降雨强度的测试中，土壤损失逐渐增加。但是，土壤流失的原因增加，黏土土壤和沙质土壤之间有所不同。在降低降雨强度的测试中，土壤流失随时间下降。降雨强度的变化强烈影响了粘土质土壤的飞溅率。实验是通过在裸露的斜坡上提供人工降雨来进行的。在此实验中，测量了在裸露的插槽上发展的RILL网络，并测量了土壤径流的时间变化。分析了径流土壤的粒径，并研究了土壤硬度，原始土壤损失的粘土含量和土壤损失的关系。并局限于土壤表面的构型的变化受土壤粘土含量的深刻影响。3。使用Montmorillonite和Illite研究了粘土矿物质，粘土含量和等效溶液的盐度的影响。通过时间域反射仪（TDR）测量Na-和Ca接受者的饮食常数ε和大量电导率（EC）。膨润土样品虽然由蒸馏水制备，但在体积水分含量下具有最大峰值的考虑幅度θ= 0.60 m^3 m^<-3>，饱和度的最低极限：3.88 ds m^<-1> na-bentonite和1.45 ds m^<-1> 1.45 ds m^<-1>用于Ca-Bentonite。由于能量损失，对于Na-Bentonite而言，TDR波形几乎完全减弱了θ= 0.45和0.87 m^3 m^ - ，对于Ca-Bentonite，TDR波形几乎在θ= 0.36和0.50 m^3 m^<-3>之间。开发了一种由多步插口和蒸发阶段组成的两阶段实验室方法，以快速估算土壤水的保留函数和水解电导率功能K，从近饱和到空气干燥。该函数是通过等效出口数据和心理数据的曲线拟合来确定的。使用经济数据和最终水分含量概况估计K功能。与其他可靠方法的k数据相比，验证了所述方法的可靠性。较少的

项目成果

期刊论文数量（76）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

T.Yamamoto, H.Fujiyama, K.Miyamoto, and J.Hatanaka: "Need for Countermeasure against Algae Clogging of Filter and Emitter in Microirrigation System (in Japanese)"Trans.Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage and Reclamation Engineering. 207. 113-120 (200

T.Yamamoto、H.Fujiyama、K.Miyamoto 和 J.Hatanaka：“需要针对微灌溉系统中过滤器和发射器藻类堵塞的对策（日语）”跨日本灌溉、排水和复垦工程学会。

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Tsuneyoshi Endo、Sadahiro Yamamoto、Toshimasa Honna、Masako Takashima、Koji Iimura、Raul López、Mario Benson：“墨西哥下加利福尼亚半岛中部灌溉农田的盐分异常”《日本土壤与肥料科学杂志》71(1)。））。18-26（2000）