Discussion of soil degradation mechanism and efficient irrigation schedule in irrigated arid lands

旱地土壤退化机制及高效灌溉方案探讨

基本信息

批准号：
10460108
负责人：
YAMAMOTO Tahei
金额：
$ 8.06万
依托单位：
TOTTORI UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1.Vegetable cultivation in a greenhouse was performed using the microirrigation under soil-water control. It was shown clearly that the yield and quality of leafy vegetables were produced by suitable soil water range. The soybeans cultivating experiments were compared using three different types of mulching ; recycled paper mulch, black poly-film mulch, and silver film mulch. Growth of soybeans in the experimental field under recycled paper mulch was the best under the same amount of microirrigation, the water use efficiency was also high, and it was useful as water-saving cultivation. The microirrigation schedules with tank systems were recommended using the simulation models with irrigation parameters measured in the Tottori sand fields located in the west part of Japan. The simulation was carried out using daily rainfall, evapotranspiration and water retention curves of sand mixing with artificial zeolite. By applying characteristics of artificial zeolite to the microirrigation sche … More dules, saving amount of irrigation water were estimated for vegetables cultivated in Tottori sand fields.2.An experimental study was made on the effect on the soil of changing rainfall intensity in a short period of time. In the test on constant rainfall intensity. crust was formed at the initial stage. Unlike the constant rainfall intensity test, the soil loss gradually increased with the passage of time in the test on increasing the rainfall intensity. The cause for soil loss increase, however, differs between clayey soil and sandy soil. In the test on decreasing the rainfall intensity, the soil loss decreased with time. A change in the rainfall intensity strongly affected the clayey soil in terms of splash rate. Experiments were carried out by supplying artificial rainfall on the bare slope. In this experiment, rill networks that develop on the bare slopes and the time variations of soil run-off were measured. Particle size of run-off soil was analyzed and the relationship between the soil hardness, clay content of original soil and soil loss was investigated. And confinned that the change of configuration of soil surface was deeply influenced by the clay content of soil.3.The effects of clay minerals, clay contents and salinities of equilibrated solution to evaluate Na-Ca exchange selectivity using Montmorillonite and Illite were studied. The dielectric constant ε and bulk electrical conductivity (EC) of Na- and Ca-bentonites were measured by time-domain reflectometry (TDR). Bentonite samples though prepared by distilled water provided considerable magnitude of EC having a maximum peak value at volumetric water content θ=0.60 m^3 m^<-3>, the lowest limit of θ for saturaion : 3.88 dS m^<-1> for Na-bentonite and 1.45 dS m^<-1> for Ca-bentonite. Due to energy loss, TDR waveform was almost completely attenuated between θ=0.45 and 0.87 m^3 m^- for Na-bentonite and between θ=0.36 and 0.50 m^3 m^<-3> for Ca-bentonite. A two-stage laboratory method which consists of multi-step outflow and evaporation phase was developed for rapid estimation of the soil water retention function and hydraulic conductivity function K from near-saturation to air-dry. The function was determined by curve-fitting of the equilibrium outflow data and psychrometric data. The K function was estimated inversely using evaporation data and final water content profile. Compared with K data from other reliable method, reliability of the presented method was verified. Less

1.土壤水分控制下的微灌蔬菜栽培三种不同覆盖方式的大豆栽培试验清楚地表明，在适宜的土壤水分范围内，叶类蔬菜的产量和品质得到了提高。相同微灌量下，再生纸覆盖物、黑膜覆盖物、银膜覆盖物在试验田中再生纸覆盖物生长最好。水利用效率也很高，并且利用在日本西部鸟取沙田测量的灌溉参数的模拟模型推荐了水箱系统的微灌方案。利用人工沸石掺沙的日降雨量、蒸散量和保水量曲线，通过将人工沸石的特性应用于微灌溉方案，估算了种植蔬菜的灌溉水量。鸟取沙田。2.与恒定降雨强度试验不同，试验研究了短时间内变化的降雨强度对土壤的影响。在增加降雨强度的试验中，随着时间的推移，土壤流失量逐渐增加，而在减少降雨强度的试验中，土壤流失量增加的原因有所不同。降雨强度随时间的变化强烈影响。通过在裸露斜坡上提供人工降雨进行了粘土土壤的溅水率实验。在该实验中，测量了裸露斜坡上形成的细沟网络和土壤径流的时间变化。对土壤进行了分析，考察了土壤硬度、原土粘土含量与土壤流失量之间的关系，证实了土壤表面形态的变化受土壤粘土含量的影响较大。3、粘土矿物的影响。、粘土含量和盐度研究了使用蒙脱土和伊利石评估Na-Ca交换选择性的平衡溶液，通过时域反射法（TDR）测量了Na-和Ca-膨润土的介电常数ε和体积电导率（EC）。蒸馏水提供了相当大的 EC，在体积含水量 θ=0.60 m^3 m^<-3> 处具有最大峰值，即饱和度 θ 的最低限度：对于钠膨润土为 3.88 dS m^<-1>，对于钙膨润土为 1.45 dS m^<-1> 由于能量损失，TDR 波形在 θ=0.45 和 0.87 m^3 m^- 之间几乎完全衰减。对于钠膨润土，对于钙膨润土 A，θ=0.36 至 0.50 m^3 m^<-3>。开发了由多步流出和蒸发阶段组成的两阶段实验室方法，用于快速估算从近饱和到风干的土壤保水函数和导水率函数K。该函数通过曲线拟合来确定。利用蒸发数据和最终含水量剖面反演K函数，与其他可靠方法的K数据相比，验证了该方法的可靠性。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（76）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

T.Yamamoto, H.Fujiyama, K.Miyamoto, and J.Hatanaka: "Need for Countermeasure against Algae Clogging of Filter and Emitter in Microirrigation System (in Japanese)"Trans.Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage and Reclamation Engineering. 207. 113-120 (200

T.Yamamoto、H.Fujiyama、K.Miyamoto 和 J.Hatanaka：“需要针对微灌溉系统中过滤器和发射器藻类堵塞的对策（日语）”跨日本灌溉、排水和复垦工程学会。

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