Mineral chemistry and kinetic approach to the effects of heavy fertilization and acid rain on the soil environment

重施肥和酸雨对土壤环境影响的矿物化学和动力学方法

基本信息

批准号：
11460030
负责人：
SAIGUSA Masahiko
金额：
$ 9.66万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11460030/
关键词：
Aluminum Toxicity Soil Acidity Exchangeable Aluminum Andisols Acid Rain Fertilization Acid Injurery Subsoil Acidity 酸性雨酸性障害多肥ノンストレス肥料

项目摘要

Soil acidity is one of the most serious environmental stresses that limit the root growth of many crops. Effects of heavy application of fertilizers and acid rain on the soil environment were studies from the viewpoint of both mineral chemistry and kinetic approach. Following results were obtained : 1) The rates of acidification of nonallophanic Andisols due to acid inputs from fertilization and precipitation of acid rain were much higher than those of allophonic Andisols. However, even in allophanic Andisols strong acidification was also found and aluminum toxicity was found in the roots of barley under those conditions. 2) KCl extracted Al from Fuji allophanic tea garden soils were partly originated in an organic pool and the remains were in amorphous aluminum sulfate precipitates and / or gibbsite. 3) Acidification of Andisols was reduced and thus Al toxicity of crops was alleviated by using both low acidulent fertilizer and controlled release fertilizers. 4) Mechanism of amelioration of Al toxicity by silicate fertilizers in acid Andisols was clarified to be due to the increase in soil pH rather than to the increase of silicon concentration in soil solution. Effects of phosphogypsum applied in the topsoil on the amelioration of subsoil acidity were also demonstrated. 5) Acidification of Japanese cultivated Andisols and significance of exchange acidity in their classification were examined with special reference to soil colloidal composition.

土壤酸度是限制许多农作物根生长的最严重的环境应力之一。从矿物化学和动力学方法的角度来看，大量施肥和酸雨对土壤环境的影响是研究。获得以下结果：1）由于受精和酸雨的酸输入而导致的非磷烷酸酸的酸化速率远高于同种溶剂的Andisols。但是，即使在同种溶剂中，也发现了强酸化，并且在这些条件下大麦的根部也发现了铝毒性。 2）KCl从富士同种茶园土壤中提取的Al部分起源于有机池，遗体位于无定形硫酸盐沉淀物和 /或吉布斯特岩中。 3）通过使用低酸性肥料和受控释放的肥料来减少Andisols的酸化，从而减少了农作物的毒性。 4）在酸andisol中硅酸盐肥料改善Al毒性的机理被阐明是由于土壤pH值的增加而不是土壤溶液中硅浓度的增加。还展示了在表土中应用的磷酸化对亚土壤酸度改善的影响。 5）对日本培养的Andisols的酸化以及交换酸度在分类中的重要性，特别是参考土壤胶体组成。