The role of subsoil on the crop production-subsoil edaphology.

底土对作物生产的作用——底土土壤环境。

基本信息

批准号：
08456039
负责人：
SAIGUSA Masahiko
金额：
$ 4.74万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08456039/
关键词：
Colloidal composition Allophanic Andisols Nonallophanic Andisols Utilization efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen controlled availability fertilizer nutrient absorption activity holding capacity of ammonium permanent negative アンモニウムイオン保持量膨

项目摘要

Subsoil, as well as surface soil, has an important role in supplying water and nutrients to crops. Fertilized nutrients easily migrate from surface layr to subsoil by rainfall in the humid regions such as Japan. The objectives of this study are to determine the effects of subsoil on the growth and nitrogen (N) uptake of crops in representative Japanese Andisols with different clay mineralogy, and the effect of controlled availability fertilizer (CAF) of N on the crop growth in soils inhibiting root development to subsoil. Weakly acidic allophanic Andisol and strongly acidic nonallophanic Andisol with 2 : 1 minerals were used in this study. Experimental treatments were surface soil plot where root elongation was limited to surface layr (15 cm depth) and subsoil plot where crop root can develop into subsoil (45 cm thickness). Total dry matter and grain yield of oats and barley in the subsoil plots were greater than those in the surface soil plots in both soils. Nitrogen uptake of both cr … More ops in subsoil plots were 1.7 to 3.3 times as much as in the surface soil plots. Oats absorbed about 70 % and 50 % of total uptake N from allophanic and nonallophanic subsoil, respectively. In the case of barley with sensitivity to Al toxicity, the ratios of N absorbed from subsoil to total uptake in nonallophanic soil (42%) were lower than those in allophanic soil (65%). Barley roots could not extend to deeper subsoil in nonallophanic soil with high toxic Al level due to presence of 2 : 1 minerals and low pH.Application of CAF-N increased growth and N uptake of crops in each surface soil plots.It was concluded that subsoil playd a signiflcant role in supplying fertilizer and soil-mineralized N to crops and in increasing the crop growth and the grain yield under humid climate of Japan. The contribution of subsoil to the crop growth was affected by soil clay mineralogy relating soil acidity. Application of CAF-N was effective for improving the crop growth and the grain yield in soils inhibiting root elongation into subsoil.Sandy paddy soil showed lower holding capacity of ammonium ion compared to clayy soil. Rice yield and utilization efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen was lower in sandy soil than clayy soil. Productivity of sandy paddy soil depended more strongly on nitrogen supplying ability of subsoil than clayy paddy soil. Less

在日本等潮湿地区，下层土壤和表层土壤在向作物提供水分和养分方面发挥着重要作用。施肥的养分很容易通过降雨从表层迁移到下层土壤。不同粘土矿物的代表性日本安迪土中，底土对作物生长和氮（N）吸收的影响，以及氮控效肥料（CAF）对抑制根系向底土发育的土壤中作物生长的影响。本研究使用弱酸性水脲基安迪索和强酸性非水脲基安迪索与 2:1 矿物质进行实验处理，其中根系伸长仅限于表层（15 厘米深）的表土区和作物根可发育成下层土的下层土区（。 45 厘米厚）。两种土壤中，底土样地中燕麦和大麦的总干物质和谷物产量均高于表土样地。就大麦而言，下层土壤中两种作物的氮吸收量是表层土壤中的 1.7 至 3.3 倍，燕麦分别从水土和非水土中吸收了约 70% 和 50% 的氮。由于对铝毒性敏感，非水铝土中从底土吸收的氮占总吸收量的比例（42%）低于在水铝土中（65%），由于存在 2:1 矿物质和低 pH 值，大麦根无法延伸到具有高毒性铝含量的非水铝土中更深的底土。施用 CAF-N 可以增加每种作物的生长和氮吸收。结果表明，在日本湿润气候下，地下土对于供给肥料和土壤矿化作物以及提高作物生长和粮食产量发挥着重要作用。底土对作物生长的贡献受到与土壤酸度相关的土壤粘土矿物学的影响，施用CAF-N可有效提高土壤中的作物生长和谷物产量，抑制根向底土伸长。沙质水稻土的持水能力较低。与粘土相比，砂质土壤的水稻产量和氮肥利用率明显低于粘土，砂质水稻土的生产力更多地依赖于底土的供氮能力。水稻土较少。