Plant-Soil Interaction at Super-strong Acid Range

超强酸范围内的植物-土壤相互作用

基本信息

批准号：
15208008
负责人：
SAIGUSA Masahiko
金额：
$ 32.86万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Plant-soil interaction at super-strong acid range was examined and following results were obtained.1. Relationship between the acid characteristics and vegetation of the solfatara soil was clarified. Field investigation of the tea garden soil was done both in Japan and South Korea, Acid characteristics of the soil and the growth and distribution of tea root were clarified. Moreover, it was clarified that the tea garden soil in Japan showed soil pH<4.0, and the destruction of the clay mineral occurred in the soil resulting genesis of low crystalline alumino-silicate in the drainage canal.2. Behavior of Al tridecamer in the soil solution was examined using ^<27>Al NMR and it was clarified that Al tridecamer was not stable, and Al - humus complex was an important source for soluble Al.3. It was clarified that mineralization of soil organic matters both in the tropical peat soil and tea garden soil were ruled by the amount of the rainfall, underground water change, soil pH and soil Eh.4. Growth promotion mechanism and Al accumulation mechanism of Melastoma were clarified, and it was also clarified that Al chelation with the organic acid released was important as the Al tolerance mechanism of plants.5. Al tolerance mechanism of backwheat, barley and rye was attributed to the secretion of organic acids, and Al tolerant gene of the rice existed in the No6 chromosome and was one gene regulation.6. Genetically modified Al tolerant Arabidopsis and barley with the ability of the organic acid release were created.7. Relationship between a low phosphoric acid resistant and the ability of organic acid release in plant was clarified.8. Mechanism of the strong acidification by heavy application of fertilizers in Andisol was clarified in long term field experiment, and soil exchangeable Al was important as phytotoxic Al.

考察了超强酸范围内植物与土壤的相互作用，得到了以下结果： 1．阐明了solfatara土壤的酸性特征与植被之间的关系。对日本和韩国的茶园土壤进行了实地调查，明确了土壤的酸性特征以及茶根的生长和分布。并阐明日本茶园土壤pH<4.0，土壤中粘土矿物遭到破坏，导致排水沟中低结晶硅铝酸盐的生成。 2．使用^ 27 Al NMR检测了土壤溶液中的Al十三聚体的行为，结果表明Al十三聚体不稳定，并且Al-腐殖质复合物是可溶性Al.3的重要来源。明确了热带泥炭土和茶园土壤有机质的矿化受降雨量、地下水变化、土壤pH值和土壤Eh.4的影响。阐明了野牡丹的生长促进机制和铝积累机制，并阐明了铝与释放出的有机酸的螯合作用是植物耐铝机制的重要组成部分。 5．黑麦、大麦和黑麦的耐铝机制主要归因于有机酸的分泌，水稻的耐铝基因存在于No6染色体上，是一种基因调控。 6．培育出具有释放有机酸能力的转基因耐铝拟南芥和大麦。 7．阐明了植物耐低磷酸能力与释放有机酸能力的关系。 8．通过长期的田间试验，阐明了安迪索尔大量施肥导致强酸化的机理，土壤交换性铝是一种重要的植物毒性铝。